معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

تبیین و تحلیل رابطه‌ی سلسله‌مراتب و حس‌حضور در کالبد معماری اسلامی مساجد مکتب اصفهان، مورد مطالعاتی: مسجد آقانور، مسجد حکیم و مسجد امام اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2022.316802.2583
چکیده
از برترین صفات معماری که برای انسان مطلوب است، ایجاد حس ‌آگاهی و حضور در فضاست تا انسان خود را در حضور خداوند متعال حس کند و او را ناظر بر خویش ببیند. سلسله‌مراتب از عواملی است که در ایجاد این حس در فضا کمک می‌کند. مسجد از مهم‌ترین بناهای دوران اسلامی است که از نظر طراحی فضا جهت تفکر و آگاهی در زمان عبادت دارای اهمیت است. پژوهش حاضر به تبیین کمی مؤلفه‌های سلسله‌مراتب و نقش آن‌ها در افزایش کیفیت فضا و حس‌ حضور مخاطب در فضای مساجد چهار ایوانی می‌پردازد و به این پرسش پاسخ می‌دهد که چگونه سلسله‌مراتب منجر به حس ‌‌حضور می‌شود و چه عاملی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را در تحقق و افزایش این حس خواهد داشت. بدین منظور در بخش نظری با مطالعه منابع علمی و کتابخانه‌ای به تبیین مدل نظری پرداخته شده است و جهت آزمون آن سه مسجد آقانور، حکیم و امام اصفهان از دوره‌ی صفوی با گونه‌شناسی یکسان انتخاب شدند. سپس با روش پیمایشی و پرسشگری از 105 معمار، مدل نظری مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. با تحلیل داده‌های به‌دست‌ آمده از پرسش‌نامه در نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS؛ نتایج نشان می‌دهد که طراحی سلسله‌مراتب با عوامل مختلف تأثیر مستقیم و مثبت بر روی حس‌ آگاهی‌ و دوری از غفلت در فضا دارد. بنابراین معمار امروزی می‌تواند از مؤلفه‌های معرفی‌شده در این پژوهش و در اصل از ساختار مادی معماری جهت آسان نمودن ادراک و آگاهی در فضا استفاده کند. در بین عوامل ایجاد و افزایش حس ‌‌حضور، سلسله‌مراتب نور طبیعی مهم‌ترین مؤلفه جهت طراحی در فضای مساجد است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Explaining and Analyzing the Relationship between Hierarchy and Sense of Presence in the Body of Islamic Architecture of Isfahan School; Case Studies: Aqa-Noor Mosque, Hakim Mosque, and Imam Mosque of Isfahan

نویسندگان English

Negar Naseri 1
Mohammadreza Bemanian 2
Mansour Yeganeh 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

A key characteristic of architecture desirable to humans is its ability to create a sense of awareness and presence in space. That allows them to feel themselves in the presence of God Almighty and see him watching over them. Factors in architecture, such as hierarchy, can be used to create this sense and help to understand the space and its design. The mosque is one of the most important buildings of the Islamic era, and it is essential in designing the space for thinking and awareness during worship. A quantitative study explains the components of hierarchy and their role in increasing the quality of space and audience presence in the four-porch mosques. This article answers the question of how hierarchy creates the presence of sense and what factor will have the most significant impact on realizing this sense. For this purpose, the theoretical model has been explained in the theoretical section by studying scientific sources and libraries. With the same typology, three mosques from the Safavid period, Aqa-Noor, Hakim, and Imam of Isfahan, were selected for testing. Then, the theoretical model was tested by surveying and questioning 105 architects. According to the SPSS statistical software analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire, the design of a hierarchy with different factors directly and positively impacts awareness and avoidance of neglect in space. Consequently, contemporary architects can use the components introduced in this study and the material structure of architecture to facilitate perception and awareness of space. The most critical component for mosque design is the hierarchy of natural light, which creates and enhances the sense of presence.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Space Perception
Safavid Mosques of Isfahan
Natural Light Hierarchy
Sense of Unity
Sense of Time
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دوره 17، شماره 48
پاییز 1403
صفحه 35-53

  • تاریخ دریافت 05 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 02 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 خرداد 1401