معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معناشناسی پدیده راه تاریخی در ایران با تأکید بر زمینه‌های شکل‌گیری و توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مرمت و احیاء بناها و بافت‌های تاریخی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
شکل‌گیری راه‌های تاریخی ایران از عوامل متعدد طبیعی و انسانی تأثیر پذیرفته است. توجه به این عوامل، منجر به پایداری بخش عظیمی از مسیر راه‌های تاریخی از اعصار کهن تا کنون گردیده و تداوم حیات مراکز زیستی و انباشت عناصر میراث‌فرهنگی و طبیعی در امتداد و پیرامون راه‌های تاریخی را به همراه داشته است. از این ‌جهت امروزه کریدورهای تاریخی، علاوه بر نقشی که به‌عنوان گذرگاه‌های حمل‌ونقل ایفا می‌کنند، طیف گسترده‌ای از فرصت‌های فرهنگی و تاریخی مبتنی بر طبیعت را ارائه می‌نمایند و به علت پیوند با مراکز زیستی و انباشت منابع میراثی، نیازمند مراقبت و حساسیت در مدیریت و حفاظت هستند. بنابراین شناخت دقیق مفهوم راه تاریخی و ارتباطات مهم آن با محیط پیرامون که تلفیقی از جغرافیای طبیعی و انسانی است به‌عنوان پیش‌زمینه آمایش دارایی‌ها و ثروت‌های راه‌های تاریخی، پیش از هرگونه اقدام جهت حفاظت و مدیریت، امری ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. این مطالعه تلاش می‌کند تا با شناخت دقیق عواملی که بر شکل‌گیری، توسعه و پایداری راه‌های تاریخی در ایران تأثیر داشته‌اند، به شبکه معنایی راه‌های تاریخی دست یابد. شیوه انجام این پژوهش به‌صورت کیفی است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در طول تاریخ، تنها مبدأ و مقصد در شبکه ارتباطی راه‌های تاریخی حائز اهمیت نبوده و مطالعه پدیده راه تاریخی تنها با یک نگاه تک‌بعدی به محیط کالبدی راه میسر نخواهد بود. بدین ترتیب جغرافیای طبیعی (از چهار جنبه منابع اکولوژیکی، تهدیدات زیست‌محیطی، اسناد ثبت‌شده و نظام مدیریت و مالکیت)، جغرافیای انسانی (از شش جنبه حیات فرهنگی و اجتماعی، حیات اقتصادی، نیازها و تهدیدات انسانی، اسناد ثبت‌شده، محرک‌های محیطی و نظام مدیریتی) و جغرافیای راه (از چهار جنبه ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، سفر، کارکرد، اسناد ثبت‌شده و نظام مدیریتی) را می‌توان به‌عنوان ارکان اصلی شکل‌دهنده شبکه معنایی راه بیان نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Semantics of the Phenomenon of Ancient Roads in Iran by Emphasizing Their Formation and Development

نویسندگان English

Elham Hajinili 1
Asghar Mohammadmoradi 2
Gholam Hossein Memarian 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Restoration and Revival of Historical Buildings and Textures, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Department of Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Professor of Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The formation of Iran’s ancient roads has been affected by various natural and human factors. Focus on these factors has led to the stabilization of a large part of ancient roads from old times up to now and has helped continue life in livable areas and led to the creation of cultural and natural heritage along those roads. In this way, ancient corridors, in addition to serving as transportation hubs, provide a wide variety of nature-based cultural and ancient opportunities; for this, measures need to be taken to manage and preserve these roads as they are inextricably linked with living areas and helping accumulate heritage sources. It is thus imperative to better understand the concept of ancient roads and their relations with the peripheral areas which incorporate natural and human geographies as the requirement for surveying the assets and advantages of those roads, before taking any protective and management measurements. In this regard, this study aimed to provide a better understanding of the factors that influence the formation, development, and stabilization of ancient roads in Iran to establish a semantic network of those roads. The study fell under qualitative research. Findings showed that throughout history, the source and destination in linking networks of ancient roads were not just important but the phenomenon of ancient roads could not be made possible only through a one-dimensional view of the physical environment. Thus, natural geography (e.g., ecological sources, environmental threats, registered documents, and the management and ownership system), human geography (e.g., cultural and social life, economic life, human needs, and threats, registered documents, environmental stimuli, and the managerial system), and geography of the road (physical aspects, travel, functions, registered documents, and the managerial system) can be regarded as the main elements constituting the semantic network of roads.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ancient Roads
Formation and Development
Natural Geography
Human Geography
Semantic Network of Roads
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دوره 17، شماره 46
بهار 1403
صفحه 49-66

  • تاریخ دریافت 09 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 دی 1402