معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

توانمندسازی: مدل مرمت و احیای پایدار بافت‌های تاریخی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2024.406112.2802
چکیده
گسترش فرسودگی بافت‌های تاریخی ایران و عدم توان فنی و اجرایی نهادهای رسمی (دولت و شهرداری) در مرمت و احیای آن‌ها ضرورت پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل مرمت و احیای پایدار بافت‌های تاریخی بر پایه حضور و دخالت مستقیم مردم در مرمت و احیای محلات تاریخی ایران است. سرمایه اجتماعی مهم‌ترین متغیر تأثیرگذار بر مشارکت شهروندان در رویدادهای اجتماعی است و همواره وابسته به سه متغیر مشارکت، اعتماد و انسجام اجتماعی است. سه متغیر ذکرشده همواره بر یکدیگر اثر مستقیم گذاشته و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی وابسته به تقویت این متغیرها است که مدل پیشنهادی این پژوهش بر این اصل استوار است. روش‌شناسی این پژوهش بر پایه پژوهش‌های کیفی و از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر حسب هدف کاربردی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش داده‌های حاصل از مطالعات مرتبط به روش قیاسی و حرکت از کل به جزء تحلیل و متغیرهای موضوع سرمایه اجتماعی و مولفه‌های موثر بر آن‌ها استخراج، دسته‌بندی و وزن‌دهی شد. در ادامه به روش استقرایی و حرکت از جزء به کل، چارچوب نظری مدل پیشنهادی در جهت تقویت این مولفه‌ها و بر اساس فرهنگ بومی محلات تاریخی ایران، طراحی شد. تقویت متغیرهای اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی با راه‌اندازی نظام‌های غیر‌رسمی پایدار در جامعه سنتی ایران و تقویت متغیر انسجام اجتماعی با شناخت دقیق زمینه، آموزش، تبادل اطلاعات و تأکید بر پرورش ارزش‌های مشترک، فرصت‌های برابر و رفع چالش‌ها و کمبود‌های مشترک در محلات تاریخی هدف امکان‌پذیر است. مدل پیشنهادی تحت عنوان مدل توانمندسازی از یک طرف با تفویض اختیار به مردم و معتمدین محلی آن‌ها (نهادهای غیر رسمی) در تصمیم‌سازی، تصمیم‌گیری، اجرا، ارزیابی و کنترل طرح‌ها و برنامه‌ها و از طرف دیگر با تسهیلگری نهادهای رسمی در حل مشکلات و کمبودها، امکان توسعه پایدار مرمت و احیای محلات تاریخی ایران را فراهم می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

An Empowering Model for the Sustainable Restoration and Revival of Iran’s Historical Fabrics

نویسندگان English

Mahmoud Nikdast 1
Bahman Adibzadh 2
Marjan Khan Mohammadi 3
Saeid Salehi-Marzijarani 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
چکیده English

The growing decay of Iran’s historical fabrics and the technical and executive incapability by official institutions (the government and municipalities) of restoring and reviving them led the present study to develop a sustainable restoration and revival model of historical fabrics via direct public participation in restoring and reviving these historic sites. The most important variable influencing citizen participation in social contexts is social capital which is always associated with the three variables of social participation, trust, and cohesion. These three variables have always directly influenced each other and helped to strengthen social capital, with the proposed model of the study following this principle. Methodologically, the study was qualitative and had a descriptive-analytical design, as it also had an applied goal. Here in this study, the data from the related literature were analyzed deductively, i.e., moving from the whole to the parts, as social capital variables and the relevant components were extracted, categorized, and weighted. Later, the inductive method, i.e., moving from the parts to the whole, was used to develop the proposed model to strengthen these components based on the local culture of Iran’s historic neighborhoods. It was found that the variables of social participation and trust could be strengthened by establishing unofficial sustainable systems in Iran’s traditional society; in contrast, the variable of social cohesion could be strengthened by the complete knowledge of the subject, education, the exchange of information, and developing shared values, as well as creating equal opportunities and alleviating common challenges and shortcomings in historic neighborhoods. The proposed model, also called an empowerment model, would, on the one hand, delegate power to the public and local trustees (unofficial institutions) to engage in decision- and policy-making, executing, assessing, and controlling plans, while, on the other hand, help official institutions resolve problems and shortcomings to eventually provide a development model of sustainable restoration and revival for Iran’s historic neighborhoods.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sustainable Restoration and Revival of Historical Fabrics
Empowerment
Social Participation
Social Cohesion
Social Trust
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دوره 17، شماره 47
تابستان 1403
صفحه 73-89

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 دی 1402