معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

خوانش لایه‌‌های معنا در نمای ساختمان‌های مسکونی میان‌‌مرتبه معاصر شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکترای معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2024.430474.2845
چکیده
وضعیت بحرانی نمای ساختمان‌‌های مسکونی شهر تهران، ضرورت توجه به اهمیت معنا در معماری معاصر ایران را نشان می‌‌دهد. هدف پژوهش حاضر کشف معانی دریافت‌‌‌شده از نما توسط مخاطبان معمار و غیرمعمار، و بررسی تفاوت‌‌ها و شباهت‌‌های خوانش آنان است. معنای محیط ساخته‌‌شده، احساسات و عواطف مخاطبان، ترجیحات زیبایی‌‌شناسی و رفتار آنان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌‌دهد، و با کشف این معانی توانایی پیش‌‌بینی معماران از خوانش نما توسط مردم و ترجیحات آن‌‌ها افزایش می‌‌یابد. پژوهش کیفی و با روش نظریه زمینه‌‌ای و رویکرد سیستماتیک انجام شده است. برای جمع‌‌آوری داده‌‌های مورد نیاز از تکنیک مصاحبه نیمه‌‌ساختاریافته و برای انتخاب نمونه‌‌ها از نمونه‌‌گیری ترکیبی هدفمند و نمونه‌‌گیری نظری استفاده شده است. در فرآیند کشف معانی و انجام مصاحبه‌‌ها از سه مرحله بازسازی افق انتظارات نظریه دریافت هانس روبرت ‌‌یاوس بهره‌‌گیری شده است. داده‌‌های مصاحبه‌‌ها با تحلیل تفسیری و روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی در محیط نرم‌‌افزار مکس‌کیودا مقوله‌‌بندی و تحلیل شده‌‌اند. با جمع‌‌بندی و تحلیل داده‌‌ها، تفاوت‌‌ها و شباهت‌‌های خوانش معماران و غیرمعماران از نمای ساختمان‌‌های مسکونی میان‌‌مرتبه معاصر تهران و مدل مفهومی لایه‌‌های معنای دریافت‌‌شده توسط دو گروه (با سه مؤلفه اصلی«ویژگی‌‌های کلی»، «ویژگی‌‌های کالبدی» و «ویژگی‌‌های محتوایی» و زیرمقوله‌‌های آن‌‌ها)، استخراج شده است. از مهم‌‌ترین نتایج حاصل‌‌ می‌‌توان به اولویت سبک نما، ترکیب‌‌بندی هندسی و نماد و نشانه‌‌ها در معناپردازی برای معماران، و ارزش اقتصادی، مصالح و رنگ، و احساسات شخصی برای غیرمعماران، اشاره کرد. اختلاف ‌‌نظر دو گروه در مورد زیبایی و معنای نمای سبک رومی، و توافق حداکثری میان هر دو گروه در خوانش نماهای سبک پست‌‌مدرن قابل توجه است. نتایج حاصله می‌‌تواند معماران را در پاسخ‌‌گویی بهتر به نیاز معنایی مردم و طراحی نمایی مطلوب‌‌تر یاری رساند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Reading Layers of Meaning in the Facades of Contemporary Mid-Rise Residential Buildings in Tehran

نویسندگان English

Sara Azma 1
Alireza Aeinifar 2
Seyed Yahya Eslami 3
1 Ph.D. in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The critical conditions of residential buildings’ facades in Tehran have called attention to the significance of meaning in Iran’s contemporary architecture. The goal of this study was to discover façade meanings received by architects and non-architect users and to investigate the similarities and differences of their readings. Meanings from a built environment influence users’ emotions and feelings, aesthetic preferences, and behaviors. When discovered, these meanings will enable the architects to predict public’s reading of facades and their preferences. This qualitative study applied the Grounded Theory and a systematic approach. Data were collected using the semi-structured interview technique, and samples were selected using the mixed purposive and theoretical sampling. In the process of discovering meanings and conducting interviews, three stages of reconstructing Horizon of Expectations developed by Hans Robert Jauss’ Reception Theory were used. Interview data were categorized and analyzed using the interpretive analysis and the open, axial, and selective coding procedures in the MAXQDA software. The summarization and analysis of data led to the extraction of similarities and differences between architects and non-architects reading of contemporary Tehran’s mid-rise residential buildings and the development of a conceptual model of layers of meaning received by the two groups (by emphasizing the three main components of “general features”, “physical features”, and “content features”, as well their sub-components). The most important findings showed that architects had prioritized façade styles, geometric composition, semantic symbols and signs, while non-architects had prioritized economic values, materials and colors, as well as personal emotions. Meanwhile, it was notable to see the disagreement of the two groups over the aesthetics and symbolic meanings of the Roman style and their maximum agreement over reading post-modern style symbols. Findings could also help architects better account for the semantic needs of the public and provide more desirable façade designs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Reading Architecture
Layers of Meaning
Grounded Theory
Reception Theory
Mid-rise Residential Facades
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دوره 17، شماره 48
پاییز 1403
صفحه 133-148

  • تاریخ دریافت 27 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 02 اردیبهشت 1403