معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی راهکارهای طراحی مراکز فرهنگی در دوران کرونا و پسا کرونا در جهت افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری آموزشی-فرهنگی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
10.22034/aaud.2024.414338.2816
چکیده
مراکز فرهنگی افراد جامعه را برای انجام فعالیت‌های فرهنگی جمع کرده و زمینه مناسبی برای برقراری تعاملات اجتماعی ایجاد می‌کند. در سال 2019 به دنبال انتشار ویروس کرونا، مراکز جمعی بسته شدند و دولت‌ها مردم را وادار به قرنطینه کردند. با شرایط به‌وجود آمده در دوران همه‌گیری و پس از آن، استفاده از مراکز فرهنگی به‌صورت گذشته نیست. هدف این پژوهش دستیابی به راهکارهای طراحی مراکز فرهنگی جهت افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی در دوران کرونا و پسا کرونا و اولویت‌بندی آن‌هاست. آن دسته از راهکارهای افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی فارغ از کرونا و پساکرونا و آن‌چه که می‌بایست در زمان کرونا برای جلوگیری از شیوع ویروس لحاظ شود، با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی استخراج شد و سپس بین این دو دسته قیاس تطبیقی انجام شد. اشتراکات این دو دسته به‌عنوان مولفه‌های مشترک برای افزایش تعاملات اجتماعی در پساکرونا و مقابله با کرونا شناسایی شدند. سپس این راهکارها با روش پیمایشی و ابزار پرسش‌نامه با حجم نمونه 100 نفر از متخصصان پزشکی و معماری به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون فریدمن اولویت‌بندی شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد تهویه در بالاترین اولویت قرار دارد. فضای باغی و سبز، امنیت، دید و منظر، استفاده از گیاهان و نور طبیعی به ترتیب در اولویت‌های بعدی قرار می‌گیرند. آن دسته از مولفه‌های تعاملات اجتماعی و معماری زمان کرونا که با هم تضاد داشتند مانند اختلاط کاربری و یکپارچگی فضایی راهکار انعطاف‌پذیری پیشنهاد گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مکان‌یابی بهینه بازشوها روبه‌روی هم و جهت‌گیری صحیح بنا در مقابل باد مطلوب منطقه، در نظر گرفتن تراس توأم با فضای سبز و فضای کشت محصول، دیوار سبز و کاربری‌های 24 ساعته از راهکارهای مهمی است که می‌تواند هم‌زمان چندین مولفه مشترک را ارتقا داده و هم بر اجتماع‌پذیری در پساکرونا اثر بگذارد و هم در زمان پاندمی مجدد احتمالی کارکرد اصلی فضای فرهنگی که اجتماع‌پذیری است را حفظ کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Identification and Prioritization of Cultural Center Design Solutions During Coronavirus and Post-Coronavirus Eras to Increase Social Interactions

نویسندگان English

Zahra Shamaghdari 1
Neda Sadat Sahragard-Monfared 2
Samaneh Taghdir 3
1 M.A. of Educational-Cultural Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده English

Cultural centers gather people in society and enable them to practice cultural activities by laying the groundwork to establish social interactions. Following the outbreak of Coronavirus in 2019, public centers were shut down and governments were forced to take quarantine measures for the public. As the pandemic began to affect social conditions, cultural centers were no longer used as usual. The goal of this study was to provide solutions to design and prioritize cultural centers to increase and strengthen social interactions during the Coronavirus and post-coronavirus eras. Disregard Coronavirus and post-coronavirus eras, the solutions, which were supposed to both increase social interactions and prevent the spread of the virus, were extracted using the descriptive-analytical method and were then comparatively investigated. Commonalities between these two categories of solutions were identified as common components aimed at increasing social interactions in the post-coronavirus era and dealing with the virus in the Coronavirus era. These solutions were then prioritized using a survey method and a questionnaire tool by considering a sample volume of 100 medical and architectural experts using SPSS software and the Friedman Test. Findings showed that ventilation topped the list of priorities, with garden and greenery spaces, security, view and landscape, using vegetation and natural lighting taking the next priorities, respectively. Also, the solution of resiliency was proposed for the category of social and architectural interaction components that seemed likely to conflict with each other such as mixed land use and spatial integrity. Findings showed that the optimal location of openings facing each other and the building’s appropriate orientation against regional winds, as well as terraces with green spaces and product cultivation spaces, green walls, and 24-hour uses, among others, were among the major solutions that could simultaneously improve several common components and influence sociability during the post-coronavirus era. These solutions, it was found, could also help maintain the main function of cultural spaces, i.e., sociability during the possible outbreak of a pandemic.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cultural Centers
Increased Social Interactions
Post-Coronavirus
Coronavirus
Resiliency
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دوره 17، شماره 48
پاییز 1403
صفحه 99-114

  • تاریخ دریافت 20 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 تیر 1403