Alavi Tabari, Hoda. 2016. “Objectives and Influential Factors in the Lighting of Urban Landscape.” Journal of Applied Arts 18: 17-25. https://aaj.semnan.ac.ir/article_2605_d3831955fe711836b3e37a3099072a1e.pdf. [in Persian]
Asadpour, Ali, Mohsen Faizi, Farhang Mozaffar, and Mostafa Behzadfar. 2015. “Typology of Models and Comparative Study of Methods in Recording Mental Images and Cognitive Maps from the Environment.” Bagh-e Nazar 12(33): 13-22. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_9981_b8b5a1af5d092c1e39aaebd320316ff3.pdf?lang=en. [in Persian]
Bala, Alkan Hava. 2016. “Landmarks in Urban Space as Signs.” Current Urban Studies 4: 409-429. https://journalofsocial.com/sayi/e50424b9-e813-4e2f-b1cb-2925c749d23a.pdf
Bani Masoud, Amir. 2005. “The Role of Semiotics in the Formation of Populist Postmodern Architecture.” Faslnameh Memari Farhang 7(23): 155-165. [in Persian]
Bell, Simon. 2008. “Visual Design Elements in Landscape.” Translated by Mohammadreza Masnavi. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [in Persian]
Bentley, Ian. 2007. “Responsive Environments: A Manual for Designers.” Translated by Mostafa Behzadfar. 3rd ed. Tehran: University of Science and Technology Press. [in Persian]
Carmona, Matthew, Tim Heath, Taner Oc, and Steve Tiesdell. 2010. “Public Space – Urban Space.” Oxford: Architectural Press.
Clarke, A. N., (ed.). 1998. “Longman Dictionary of Geography: Human and Physical.” 2nd impression ed. Essex, England: Longman.
Cowan, Robert. 2008. “The Dictionary of Urbanism.” Chicago: Streetwise Press. https://absa.upce.cz/index.php/absa/article/download/2127/1872/4044
Downs, Roger M., and David Stea. 1973. “Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behaviours: Processes and Products.” In Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour 1-32. Chicago: Aldine. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470979587.ch41
Falahat, Mohammad Sadegh, and Samira Noohi. 2012. “The Nature of Signs and Their Role in Enhancing the Sense of Place in Architectural Spaces.” Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture and Urban Planning 17(1): 17-25. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_29693_5d3a3ef59639fe958621b4e4576f2540.pdf. [in Persian]
Feizi, Mohsen, and Ali Asadpour. 2013. “Citizens’ Perception of the Urban Tall Buildings’ Landscape: Case Study of Chamran Hotel in Shiraz.” Iranian Architecture Studies 3: 107-121. https://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article_111712_c2b2a53576f67c895927abce3f5f79d8.pdf. [in Persian]
Garnero, Gabriele, and Enrico Fabrizio. 2015. “Visibility Analysis in Urban Spaces: A Raster-Based Approach and Case Studies.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 42(4): 688-707. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276114042_Visibility_analysis_in_urban_spaces_a_raster-based_approach_and_case_studies
Groat, Linda, and David Wang. 2015. “Architectural Research Methods.” Translated by Alireza Einifar. 8th ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [in Persian]
Haghgouie, Monireh. 2011. “Evaluation of Citizens’ Mental Image of Active Urban Axes at Day and Night (Case Study: Enqelab Street between Enghelab Square and Vali-Asr Crossroad).” Master’s thesis in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University. https://iuds.shirazu.ac.ir/article_7837_f039bbdec09c62f1aa7329cf7646d90f.pdf. [in Persian]
Karami, Zahra, Seyyed Abbas Yezdanfar, Seyyed Baqer Hosseini, and Saeed Noroozian Malki. 2023. “Study of the Influential Factors Affecting the Increase of Visual Appeal in the Daily Landscape (Case Study: Golab Dareh Neighborhood, Tehran).” Journal of Urban Ecological Studies 14(2): 37-50. https://grup.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9782_ecc884d9b706c8a388a2ad060e98034b.pdf. [in Persian]
Karimi Moshaver, Mehrdad. 2014. “Methods, Techniques, and Tools for Visual Analysis in the City.” Bagh-e Nazar 11(29): 3-10. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_5673_93e7275501e2c61d5a0b2bf301280910.pdf?lang=en. [in Persian]
Kheiraldin, Sadaf, and Fatemeh Mohammadnia Gharaei. 2016. “Organizing View Axes towards Urban Landmark Elements.” In The 4th Scientific-Research Conference on New Horizons in Geography, Planning, Architecture, and Urbanism, Tehran. https://iuds.shirazu.ac.ir/article_7837_f039bbdec09c62f1aa7329cf7646d90f.pdf. [in Persian]
Kitchin, R. M. 1994. “Cognitive Maps: What Are They and Why Study Them.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 14: 1-19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222340799_Cognitive_Maps_What_are_They_and_Why_Study_Them
Koseoglu, Elif, and Deniz E. Onder. 2011. “Subjective and Objective Dimensions of Spatial Legibility.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 30: 1191-1195. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353249634_MODERNITY_VS_POSTMODERNITY_ASSESSING_THE_DESIGN_QUALITY_OF_URBAN_PARKS_BY_AHP
Lang, John. 2015. “The Creation of Architectural Theory: The Role of Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design.” Translated by Alireza Ainyfar. 8th ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [in Persian]
Larice, Michael, and Emily Macdonald. 2007. “The Urban Design. Reader.” New York: Routledge.
Lynch, Kevin. 2013. “The Image of the City.” Translated by Manoochehr Mozaffari. 11th ed. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [in Persian]
Mohammad Hosseini, Elina, Abolfazl Toghraei, and Morteza Mirgholami. 2016. “Typological Analysis of Factors Affecting the Legibility of Urban Signs (Case Study: Vali-Asr Street, Tehran, from Vanak Square to Tajrish Square).” Hoviat-e Shahr 25: 61-74. https://www.sid.ir/paper/154607/fa. [in Persian]
Moughtin, Cliff, Taner Oc, and Steve Tiesdell. 1999. “Urban Design: Ornament and Decoration.” 2nd ed. Oxford: Architecture Press. https://arsitekturuniversitaspalangkaraya.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/0750642734urban_designb.pdf
Oh, K. 1998. “Visual Threshold Carrying Capacity (VTCC) in Urban Landscape Management: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea.” Landscape and Urban Planning 39(4): 283-294. https://doi.org/DOI%2010.5897/JSSEM12.046
Pahlevan, Somaye, Hossein Sultanzadeh, and Farah Habib. 2023. “Impact of Environmental Capabilities on the Desirability of Visibility in Iranian Bazaars Based on Gestalt Theory and Iso-Vist Analysis (Case Study: Bazaars of Isfahan).” Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 3(9): 39-56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371292181_tathyr_qablyt_hay_mhyty_dr_mtlwbyt_rwyt_pdhyry_dr_srahay_bazar_ayrany_brasas_analyz_ayzwwyst_w_tywry_gshtalt_mwrd_pzhwhy_srahay_bazar_asfhan. [in Persian]
Pakzad, Jahanshah. 2007. “Essays on the Concepts of Architecture and Urban Design.” Tehran: Shahidi Publications. [in Persian]
Pourjafar, Mohammad Reza, and Alireza Sadeghi. 2008. “Principles Governing the Purposeful Design of Prominent Urban View Axes.” Hoviatshahr 2(3): 95-106. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/hoviatshahr/Article/795525. [in Persian]
Pourjafar, Mohammad Reza, and Mehdi Montazeralhajeh. 2010. “Urban Signs: Definitions, Typology, Location, Planning, and Design.” 1st ed. Tehran: Tahan/Helle Publications. [in Persian]
Pourjafar, Mohammadreza, Ali Akbar Taghvaei, and Alireza Sadeghi. 2009. “Reading the Impact of Organizing ‘Visual Axes’ on Enhancing the ‘Environmental Quality’ of Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: Azadi Street, Tehran).” Urban Management Quarterly 24: 65-80. https://jupm.marvdasht.iau.ir/?_action=export&rf=idc&issue=465. [in Persian]
Rapoport, Amos. 1977. “Human Aspects of Urban Form.” Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Raubal, Martin, and Stephan Winter. 2002. “Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Landmarks.” Geographic Information Science. Vol. 2478 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 243-259. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221607191_Enriching_Wayfinding_Instructions_with_Local_Landmarks
Rahmani Firouzjayi, Mehrdad, and Maryam Mohammadi. 2019. “An Analysis of the Impact of Visibility and Accessibility of Urban Signs in Enhancing Legibility (Case Study: Administrative-Commercial Signs in Central Tehran).” Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism 6(2). https://doi.org/10.22061/jsaud.2019.987. [in Persian]
Sajoodi, Forouzan. 2011. “Semiotics: Theory and Practice.” Tehran: Elm Publishing. [in Persian]
Saussure, Ferdinand De. 2011. “Course in General Linguistics.” Edited by Peter Meisel and Haun Saussy.” Translated by Wade Baskin. New York: Columbia University Press. https://ia600204.us.archive.org/0/items/SaussureFerdinandDeCourseInGeneralLinguistics1959/Saussure_Ferdinand_de_Course_in_General_Linguistics_1959.pdf
Sokolova, T. 2018. “Urban Signage Design: Problems and Prospects.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 463: 042002. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330024349_Urban_Signage_Design_Problems_and_Prospects
Sosor, Ferdinand Du. 2010. “General Linguistics Course.” Translated by Kourosh Safavi. Tehran: Hermes Publishing. [in Persian]
Tarkashvand, Abbas, and Sahar Majidi. 2013. “Re-recognition of Some Signs in Urban Spaces.” Journal of the Iranian Society of Architecture and Urbanism 6: 5-15. https://www.isau.ir/article_61971_3863652a9db731b3c991ec4a652905bb.pdf. [in persian]