معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

تدوین مدل پایداری اجتماعی مکان در دانشکده‌های معماری به روش دلفی و تکنیک شانون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2025.482714.2918
چکیده
کیفیت فضایی در دانشکده‌های معماری با توجه به دیدگاه و نگرش هنرجویان معماری نسبت به محیط پیرامون می‌تواند پایداری اجتماعی مکان را ارتقا داده، ضمن افزایش رضایتمندی از فضا، دانش‌پژوهان را به حضور و بهره‌وری بیش‌تر در آن ترغیب نماید. پایداری اجتماعی یکی از ابعاد سه‌گانه توسعه پایدار است که چارچوب نظری آن می‌تواند در راستای توجه به بهبود کیفیت فضایی دانشکده‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به دلیل اهمیت موضوع و فقدان پژوهش‌های گسترده در این زمینه، پژوهش حاضر ضمن تبیین مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های پایداری اجتماعی مکان با استفاده از روش دلفی و بهره‌گیری از اندیشه متخصصان این حوزه، به منظور تبیین چارچوب نظری و تدوین مدل مفهومی به ارزیابی اهمیت و درصد وزنی تاثیرگذاری آن‌ها در ارتقاء کیفیت فضایی دانشکده‌های معماری می‌پردازد. پژوهش پیشِ رو به لحاظ هدف از نوع توسعه‌ای- کاربردی و از نظر خصوصیت موضوع در دسته پژوهش‌های توصیفی- تحلیلی به‌شمار می‌رود. طرح پژوهش، مبتنی بر رویکردهای کمی و کیفی با تاکید بر استدلال منطقی است. به منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از مطالعات اسنادی و روش‌دلفی در دو مرحله (مصاحبه باز و پرسش‌نامه بسته) بهره‌گرفته شده و در نهایت تحلیل و ارزیابی داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Spss و تکنیک آنتروپی شانون صورت‌گرفته‌ است. بر اساس نتایج و داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها و ارزیابی پرسش‌نامه‌ها، مولفه‌های پایداری اجتماعی موثر بر ساختار کیفی فضای آموزشی دانشکده‌های معماری استخراج و بر مبنای آن مدلی تدوین گردیده است. این مدل شامل هشت مولفه با 54 شاخص زیر مجموعه و با در نظر گرفتن درجه اهمیت هر مولفه است. مبنای سنجش درصد وزنی و درجه اهمیت مولفه‌ها به کمک الگوریتم شانون صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج حاصله بیانگر آن است که مولفه‌های «طبیعت محوری» و «امنیت» بیش‌ترین تاثیر بر ارتقا کیفی فضای دانشکده‌های معماری را دارا می‌باشند. در ادامه به ترتیب، مولفه‌های «امکانات و زیرساخت‌ها»، «ساختارهای کالبدی»، «ساختارهای اجتماعی»، «انسان محوری» و «هویت‌مندی»، به عنوان مولفه‌های تاثیرگذار بر کیفیت فضایی دانشکده‌های معماری شناخته شده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Development of a Place-Based Social Sustainability Model in Architecture Faculties Using the Delphi Method and Shannon Technique

نویسندگان English

Mansoureh Farokhi 1
Razieh Labibzadeh 2
Hosein Zabihi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Associate Professor of Urban Development, SSR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The spatial quality in architecture faculties, shaped by students’ perspectives and attitudes toward their surrounding environment, can enhance the place-based social sustainability. This, in turn, increases spatial satisfaction and encourages students’ presence and productivity in such spaces. Social sustainability is one of the three pillars of sustainable development, and its theoretical framework can be applied toward improving the spatial quality of architecture schools. Given the significance of the topic and the lack of comprehensive research in this area, the present study aims to identify and define the components and indicators of place-based social sustainability using the Delphi method and expert insights. It further evaluates the relative importance and weighted influence of these factors on the enhancement of spatial quality in architecture faculties, thereby establishing a theoretical framework and developing a conceptual model. This research is categorized as developmental-applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The research design employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches, emphasizing logical reasoning and analysis. Data collection was conducted through document analysis and a two-stage Delphi method (open interviews and closed questionnaires). Data analysis and evaluation were performed using SPSS software and the Shannon entropy technique. Based on the results obtained from interviews and questionnaire evaluations, the components of social sustainability that influence the qualitative structure of educational spaces in architecture faculties were identified. A model was developed accordingly, consisting of eight components and 54 associated indicators, each weighted according to its level of importance. The Shannon entropy algorithm was used to determine the weight and significance of each element. The findings indicate that the components of “Nature-Centeredness” and “Security” have the highest impact on improving the spatial quality of architecture faculties. Subsequently, “Facilities and Infrastructure,” “Physical Structures,” “Social Structures,” “Human-Centeredness,” and “Identity” were identified as influential components in spatial quality enhancement.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Place-Based Social Sustainability
Architecture Faculty
Spatial Quality
Shannon Entropy Technique
Abdollahzadeh, Mehdi, Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, and Mirnajaf Mousavi Mohammad Ajzae Shokoohi. 2020. Assessment of social sustainability indicators in cities of West Azerbaijan province. Quarterly Journal of Human Geography Research 52(4): 1257-1273. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2019.276093.1007878. [in Persian]
Abdollahzadeh, Seyedeh Mahsa, and Ahmad Aminpour Mahmoud Arjmand. 2017. Dimensions of social sustainability in the fabric of traditional Iranian neighborhoods: A case study of Sang-e Siah neighborhood. Arman-Shahr (19): 35-54. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_50335.html. [in Persian]
Ali Al-Hesabi, Mehran, and Saeed Norouziyan Maleki. 2008. Architecture schools: Places of education or sites of teaching? A look at the educational experience of architectural design. Third Architecture Education Conference, Tehran: University of Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/81371/. [in Persian]
Anjomani, Zeinab, and Mojtaba Ansari. 2011. Investigation of social sustainability aspects in the physical structure of traditional Iranian neighborhoods: A case study of Yazd city. The 1st International Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Construction. https://civilica.com/doc/417686/. [in Persian]
Ansari, Shahrebanoo, Ali Akbar Taghvai, and Mojtaba Rafieian. 2017. Social sustainability and its conceptual framework. International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Planning of Contemporary Iran, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/710024/. [in Persian]
Armaghan, Simin. 2019. Evaluation of socio-cultural indicators in the sustainability of rural tourism in Noor County. Quarterly Journal of Rural Development Strategies 6(3). https://www.sid.ir/paper/392270/fa. [in Persian]
Azar, Adel. 2001. Developing of Shannon Entropy Method in Content Analysis. Al-Zahra University Journal of Humanities 11(37-38): 1-18. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/661a6c48c02de-10592-2023-4-5.pdf. [in Persian]
Azarbaijani, Mona, and Seyed Majid Mofidi. 2003. The concept of sustainable architecture. Paper presented at the 3rd Conference on Optimization of Fuel Consumption in Buildings. https://civilica.com/doc/2471/. [in Persian]
Boys, John. 2011. Towards creative learning spaces: re-thinking the architecture of post-compulsory education. London: Routledge.
Broadbent, Geoffrey. 2010. With Broadbent on architecture. Translated by Niloufar Razavi, Hediyeh Nourbakhsh, & Keyvan Jourabchi. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. [in Persian]
Burton, Edward. 2003. The compact city: just or just compact? A preliminary analysis, Urban Studies 37(11): 1969-2006. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235357718_The_Compact_City_Just_or_Just_Compact_A_Preliminary_Analysis
Chan E. and Lee G. K. L. 2008. Critical factors for improving social sustainability of urban renewal projects. social indicators research: 243-256.
Colantonio, Andrea. 2007. Measuring Social Sustainability: Best Practice from Urban Renewal in the EU. EIBURS Working Paper Series, Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (OISD), International Land Markets Group Oxford Brookes University. 
Colantonio, Andrea. 2009. Social Sustainability: Linking Research to Policy and Practice. Belgium: Sustainable Development - A Challenge for European Research, Brussels. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/35865/
Dempsey, Nicola, Glen Bramley, and Brown Caroline. 2012. The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development: Defining Urban Social Sustainability. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4010144
Fahemi Far, Ameneh, Sheida Sharifi, and Hamzeh Arbab. 2014. The effect of spiritual reminiscence therapy on cancer patients. Rashidin Publishing. [in Persian]
Garip, Burak, and Esma Garip. 2012. Addressing environmental design in interior architecture education: Reflections on the interior design studio. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 51: 972-979. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271614928_Addressing_Environmental_Design_in_Interior_Architecture_Education_Reflections_on_the_Interior_Design_Studio
Garji Mahlabani, Yousef, and Negar Sadeghi. 2019. Examining the satisfaction level of graduate students in architectural majors compared to students of the top 5 architecture universities in Iran. Andisheh Memari Biannual Journal 3(6): 110-125. https://doi.org/10.30479/at.2019.10287.1137. [in Persian]
Ghafoorian, Mitra, Vahid Afshinmehr, and Zahra Noroozi Zadeh. 2016. Identification of social sustainability components affecting the increase of social interactions in residential complexes: A case study of Abazar neighborhood, Tehran. City Identity 11(2): 31-42. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17359562.1396.11.2.3.7. [in Persian]
Goodland, Robert. 2003. Sustainability: Human, Social, Economic and Environmental. USA: World Bank, Washington DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18295
Groat, Linda, and David Wang. 2005. Methods of architectural research. Translated by Alireza Eyni Far. Tehran: University of Tehran. [Original work published 2004]
Habibi, Abolfazl. 2007. Housing design with a social sustainability approach. Master’s thesis, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch. [in Persian]
Habibpour Gatabi, Karam. 2022. Empirical formulation of social and cultural sustainability indicators of Tehran city. Journal of Local Development (Rural-Urban) 14(2): 371-394. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrd.2022.349186.668761. [in Persian]
Hamzavi, Razieh. 2010. Investigation of the function of social schools with emphasis on social sustainability ideas. Report of the Fars Province Building Engineering Organization 19(66-67): 94-99. [in Persian]
Hatamikia, Setareh. 2014. Measurement of social sustainability in urban areas with a compact city approach: A case study of Amol city. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran. [in Persian]
havoshi Saravi, Seyedeh Fatemeh, and Setareh-alsadat Jalali Motahhari. 2016. Investigating the role of culture and human needs in native Tabarestan architecture with a social sustainability approach. International Conference on Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/484448/. [in Persian]
Heidari, Ali Akbar, Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar, and Nazgol Behdadfar. 2013. Proposing a model to explain influential parameters on sense of place in educational environments: A case study comparing sense of place in architecture and non-architecture faculties. Scientific-Research Journal of the Iranian Scientific Association of Architecture and Urban Planning (5): 49-62. https://civilica.com/doc/1795232/. [in Persian]
Hoseinpour, Batoul, Houshang Zahiri, and Meysam Mousaei. 2020. Assessment of social sustainability indicators in neighborhoods of District 15, Tehran metropolis. Journal of Urban Social Geography (2): 217-237. https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2021.6214. [in Persian]
Hosseini, Seyed Hadi. 2014. Assessment and analysis of social sustainability level in Nowshahr city. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Sustainability (12): 57-71. https://civilica.com/doc/1410529/. [in Persian]
Javedan, Mojtaba, and Abdolreza Rokneddin Eftekhari. 2010. Assessment of social sustainability indicators in rural areas of Sarband District (Shazand County, Markazi Province). Journal of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in Planning 6(1): 45-68. https://civilica.com/doc/1749479/. [in Persian]
Jomehpour, Mahmoud, Gholamreza Najafi, and Saeed Shafia. 2012. Investigating the relationship between density and social sustainability in Tehran municipality areas. Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, Research Journal of Humanities, Isfahan University 23(4): 185-200. https://www.sid.ir/paper/389773/fa. [in Persian]
Kazemi Mohammadi, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, and Hossein Shokoohi. 2002. Measurement of social sustainability in the development of Qom city. Geographical Research Quarterly 43(34): 27-41. https://jrg.ut.ac.ir/article_10794.html. [in Persian]
Khakpour, Baratali, Ebrahim Sharifzadeh Aghdam, and Abdollah Sheikhi. 2018. Assessment of urban management performance in socio-cultural sustainability of neighborhoods in Piranshahr city with regard to demographic subgroups. Quarterly Journal of Urban Sociological Studies 8(28): 133-164. https://journals.iau.ir/article_662640.html. [in Persian]
Kurt, Selcuk. 2009. An analytic study on the traditional studio environments and the use of the constructivist studio in architectural design education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248606506_An_analytic_study_on_the_traditional_studio_environments_and_the_use_of_the_constructivist_studio_in_the_architectural_design_education
Lang, John. 1938. The creation of architectural theory. Translated by Alireza Eyni Far. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [in Persian]
Linstone, Harold A., and Murray Turoff. 2002. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Melbourne: Addison Wesley Publishing Company. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237035943_The_Delphi_Method_Techniques_and_Applications
Littig, Beate, & Griessler, Erika. 2005. Social sustainability: A catchword between political pragmatism and social theory. Journal of Sustainable Development 8(1-2): 65-79. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5107699_Social_sustainability_A_catchword_between_political_pragmatism_and_social_theory
Lorestani, Ghasem, Ali Shahriar, and Ahmad Hosseinzadeh. 2010. Water resource management and its role in sustainable development: A case study of North Khorasan - Jajarm County. Proceedings of the First Sustainable Urban Development Conference. https://civilica.com/doc/96972/. [in Persian]
Mafi, Ezzatollah, and Mehdi Abdollahzadeh. 2015. Assessment of social sustainability in the metropolitan city of Mashhad. Biannual Journal of Urban Ecology Research 158(65). https://grup.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3778.html. [in Persian]
Mahmoudi, Ameneh, Mehdi Hamzehnezhad, and Samaneh Taghdir. 2023. The impact of school architecture on socio-cultural sustainability in multi-layered communities. Islamic Architecture and Urbanism Culture 8(2): 83-97. https://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-531-fa.html. [in Persian]
Manzi, Tony, Karen Lucas, Laura Jones, and Judith Tony. 2010. Social Sustainability in Urban Areas: Communities, Connectivity and the Urban Fabric. London: Earthscan. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/25994/1/59.pdf
McGill, Ronald. 1998. Urban Management in Developing Countries. Cities 15(6): 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(98)00041-9
McKenzie, Scott. 2004. Social sustainability: Towards some definition. South Australia: Hawke Research Institute Working Paper Series (27). University of South Australia, Magill. https://proyectaryproducir.com.ar/public_html/Seminarios_Posgrado/Material_de_referencia/Social%20Sustainability%20-%20Definitions%20wp27.pdf
Melania Jeloudar, Shahram, Abdolhossein Daneshvarinasa, Maryam Malmir, and Seyed Hassan Rasouli. 2020. Assessment of social sustainability in central neighborhoods of Babol city with an integrated management approach. 11(38): 83-97. https://www.sid.ir/paper/515356/fa. [in Persian]
Meshkini, Abolfazl, Kazem Borhani, and Reza Shabanzadeh Namini. 2013. Spatial analysis of urban social sustainability measurement: A case study of 22 districts of Tehran city. Quarterly Journal of Geography 11(39): 186-211. https://www.sid.ir/paper/484351/fa. [in Persian]
Meshkini, Abolfazl, Kazem Borhani, and Reza Shabanzadeh Namini. 2013. Spatial Analysis of Urban Social Sustainability (Case Study: 22 Districts of Tehran). Journal of Geography 11(39): 186-211. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2016.57237. [in Persian]
Mofidi, Mohammadreza. 2022. Advanced research methods in architecture. Simaye Danesh Publications, Tehran. [in Persian]
Mohammadi Doost, Soleiman, Mohammad Ali Khanizadeh, and Fariba Namazian. 2018. Measuring satisfaction with Mehr housing with emphasis on social sustainability dimensions: A case study of Mehr housing in Yasuj city. Quarterly Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch 13(1): 251-266. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jshsp/Article/1031123/FullText. [in Persian]
Mohammadi Sangli, Khashayar, and Seyyedeh Sedigheh Qarshi. 2016. Urban sustainable development: A global approach with local strategies; A case study of sustainability criteria in traditional architecture of Yazd city. Journal of Art and Architecture Studies 4(11-12): 87-99. https://sid.ir/paper/500312/fa. [in Persian]
Mohammadi Sarin Dizaj, Mehdi, Shahram Salamati Gablou, and Leila Mahajeri Naeimi. 2023. Assessment of social sustainability of housing in informal settlements: A case study of Ardabil city. Journal of Regional Urban Geography and Planning 13(46). https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2023.41846.3010. [in Persian]
Mokhtari Malekabadi, Reza, Nafiseh Marsousi, Seyed Ali Hosseini, and Mohammad Gholami. 2014. Measurement and evaluation of socio-cultural sustainability indicators in extraction cities: A case study of Asaluyeh extraction city. Quarterly Journal of Urban Research and Planning 5(19): 91-110. https://sid.ir/paper/220332/fa. [in Persian]
Murphy, Kevin. 2012. The Social Pillar of Sustainable Development: A Literature Review and Framework for Policy Analysis. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286461953_The_social_pillar_of_sustainable_development_A_literature_review_and_framework_for_policy_analysis
Musa, Abdul Razak, Abdullah Nor Azmi Ghani, Abdul Halim Che-Ani, Norhidayah Mohd Tawil, and Mohd Muzamil Tahir. 2012. Temperature Analysis for Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) of UKM Architecture Studio. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 60: 575-581. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/view/year/2017.type.html
Nasetern, Mahin, Vahid Ghasemi, and Sadegh Hadizadeh Zargar. 2013. Evaluation of social sustainability indicators using analytic network process (ANP). Quarterly Journal of Applied Sociology 24(3): 155-173. https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_18320.html. [in Persian]
Nateghpour, Mohammad Javad, and Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi. 2005. Social capital and factors affecting its formation in Tehran city. Iranian Sociology (24): 59-91. http://www.jsi-isa.ir/article_25428.html. [in Persian]
Navabakhsh, Mehrdad, and Jamileh Fadavi. 2008. Investigation of social capital and its role in urban development: A case study of District 5, Tehran city. Social Sciences Research Journal (3): 25-47. https://www.sid.ir/paper/460050/fa. [in Persian]
Nouri, Mahmoudreza, and Mohammad Karim Raeisi. 2016. Measurement and prioritization of urban development considering sustainability indicators: A case study of cities in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Proceedings of the National Conference on Tourism Culture and Urban Identity, Mehrandishan Arfa, University of Kerman. https://civilica.com/doc/708625/. [in Persian]
olmberg, John, and Richard Sandbrook. 1992. Sustainable development: What is to be done? In Policies for a Small Planet, edited by John Holmberg (pp. 19-38). London: Earthscan.
Pourahmad, Ahmad, Hamidreza Babaei, and Aboulfazl Rafiee. 2018. Explaining the role of community management on social sustainability in Tehran through linking social capital. Iranian Joirnal of Islamic City studies 8(31): 75-82. https://www.sid.ir/paper/513995/fa. [in Persian]
Pourtaheri, Mehdi, Abuzar Zal, and Abdulrazak Rokneddin Eftekhari. 2011. Assessment and prioritization of social sustainability in rural areas: A case study of villages in Khorrambid County, Fars Province. Rural and Development Quarterly 14(3): 19-49. https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2018.59150. [in Persian]
Rajabi, Azita, and Nobakht Sobhani. 2016. Analysis of sustainability indicators among Asian countries. Human Geography Research 48(4): 733-749. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2016.53397. [in Persian]
Rogers, Richard. 2005. Great architects and sustainable design. Translated by Hamid Hosseinmardi. Abadi 14(7): 110-114. https://sid.ir/paper/474974/fa. [in Persian]
Sadeghi Niyarki, Zahra, and Hanieh Sanaeian. 2015. Physical architectural patterns with a social sustainability approach in residential complexes. International Conference on Research in Engineering, Science, and Technology. https://civilica.com/doc/508245/. [in Persian]
Salehi Milani, Sasan, and Maryam Mohammadi. 2010. Goals and indicators for achieving cultural sustainability. Architecture and Urban Planning Letter 3(5): 81-98. https://www.sid.ir/paper/215842/fa. [in Persian]
Salehi Milani, Sasan, and Maryam Mohammadi. 2011. Developing policy indicators aimed at achieving cultural sustainability: A case study of the Tehran metropolitan area. Urban Management Journal 9(27): 41-58. https://www.sid.ir/paper/92024/fa. [in Persian]
Sarmad, Zahra, Ali Bazargan, and Ebrahim Hejazi. 1998. Method of Research in Behavioral Science. Tehran: Agah.
Shieh, Esmaeil, Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour, and Maryam Roosta. 2017. Developing a model of spatial indicators for social sustainability using the Delphi method and Shannon technique. Armanshahr Architecture and Urban Development (19): 119-129. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_50454.html. [in Persian]
Shoja, Hamed, and Hassan Sajadzadeh. 2015. How to utilize open spaces in commercial complexes to establish sustainability and social interaction. National Conference on Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Physical Development, Kouhdasht. https://civilica.com/doc/372700/. [in Persian]
Slami, S. G., and R. Naghdabishi. 2012. Structural strategic modeling of the Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, inspired by past experiences. Armanshahr Architecture and Urban Development 9: 1-17. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_33203.html. [in Persian]
Stone Fish, Linda, and Dean M. Busby. 2005. The Delphi Method. In Research Methods in Family Therapy, edited by Douglas H. Sprenkle & Fred P. Piercy (2nd ed., pp. 238-253). New York: Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-08638-013
Tavana, Mostafa, and Farshad Nourian. 2016. Measurement of social sustainability in scattered rural neighborhoods: A case study of Shadabad neighborhood, Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Human Geography Research 49(4). https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2016.59455. [in Persian]
Turner, Tom. 1996. City as Landscape: A Post Postmodern View of Design and Planning. London: E & FN Spon.
UN-HABITAT. 2004. Financing Urban Shelter, Earthscan.
Vaezzadeh, Seyed Mohammad, Ali Naghdi, and Ali Ayasch. 2015. Components of Social Sustainability in Iranian Development Programs. Iranian Social Development Studies 7(2): 45-59. https://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/6009813942603.pdf. [in Persian]
Vaziri, Vahid. 2012. Improving the Efficiency of Educational Spaces by Focusing on the Role of Efficiency in the Process of Reforming Classroom Space (Ph.D. thesis). Iran University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning. [in Persian]
Wheeler, Stephen M. 2013. Planning for Sustainability: Creating Livable, Equitable and Ecological Communities. London: Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287341142_Planning_for_sustainability_Creating_livable_equitable_and_ecological_communities_second_edition
Whitton, Peter D. 2018. The New University: Space, Place and Identity (Ph.D. thesis). Manchester Metropolitan University.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our common future. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Yazdi, Esmail, and Yousef Ahmadi. 2011. Measuring the Productivity of Higher Education Institutions by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Iranian Quarterly of Education Strategies 4(3): 129-136. https://ijnao.um.ac.ir/jufile?issue_pdf=6147. [in Persian]
Zal, Abuzar. 2007. Assessment and measurement of social sustainability and the role of effective geographical factors in rural areas of Khorrambid County. Master’s thesis, Tarbiat Modares University. [in Persian]
Zangeneh, Mehdi, Tayebeh Bani Asad, and Atefeh Khavarian. 2020. Investigation of social sustainability in new towns: A case study of Mehregan Town in Mashhad. Urban Structure and Function Studies, University of Mazandaran 7(22): 113-129. https://doi.org/10.22080/usfs.2019.16229.1771. [in Persian]
Zarghami, Esmaeil. 2010. Principles of social sustainability in residential complexes in Iranian-Islamic cities. Quarterly Journal of Iranian-Islamic City Studies, Research Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences, Jihad Daneshgahi 1(2): 103-115. https://www.sid.ir/paper/372921/fa. [in Persian]
Zarghami, Esmaeil, and Saeed Azemati. 2013. Investigation of the Desirability of Open Spaces in University Environments from the Students’ Perspective. Journal of Educational Technology Research 7(3): 175-183. https://doi.org/10.22061/tej.2013.153. [in Persian]
https://civilica.com/scientometrics/
https://www.uniref.ir/University216
دوره 18، شماره 50
بهار 1404
صفحه 43-66

  • تاریخ دریافت 24 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 02 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 بهمن 1403