معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

سنجش تأثیر مؤلفه‌های طبقه همکف فعال، بر حضورپذیری محیط پیرامون ساختمان‌های دانشگاهی پردیس هنرهای زیبای دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، مازندران، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
10.22034/aaud.2025.478811.2916
چکیده
تمایل کاربران به حضور و استفاده بیش‌تر از فضا یکی از نشانه‌‌های موفقیت فضایی است. ویژگی‌های کالبدی فضا نقش تعیین‌کننده‌‌ای در این امر دارند که در این پژوهش تمرکز ما بر سنجش مؤلفه‌‌های طبقه همکف فعال است. طبقه همکف فعال بر لزوم توجه به شیوه‌های طراحی در سطح دید انسانی تأکید دارد، و از این منظر که توانایی تأثیر بر عابران و رهگذران دارد مورد اهمیت است. طراحی نمای طبقه همکف و محیط مجاور آن، به صورت توأمان در این مفهوم در نظر گرفته می‌شود. با توجه به این‌که پژوهش‌های پیشین پیرامون طبقه همکف فعال در بستر شهری بوده‌ است، این پژوهش در نظر دارد محیط‌های دانشگاهی را مورد بررسی قرار دهد و تأثیر مؤلفه‌های طبقه همکف فعال را بر میزان حضورپذیری محیط‌های پیرامون ساختمان‌های دانشگاهی بسنجد. بر این اساس، مؤلفه‌‌های طبقه همکف فعال شامل: محصوریت، تنوع عملکردی، مکث و مفصل‌‌بندی معماری در دانشکده هنرهای زیبا که یکی از فضاهای حضورپذیر دانشگاهی است مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابتدا از طریق مشاهده، فضاهای با بیش‌ترین حضورپذیری جهت سنجش مؤلفه‌‌های طبقه همکف فعال شناسایی شد و پس از آن روایی و پایایی مدل تشکیل‌شده بر اساس مبانی نظری و بررسی دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، از طریق تحلیل عاملی مرتبه اول و پرسش‌نامه‌‌ای که بدین منظور در اختیار دانشجویان دانشکده قرارگرفته ‌‌بود مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده‌‌های حاصل از پرسش‌نامه، روایی و پایایی مدل حاصل را تأیید کردند و در مرحله بعد از طریق تحلیل عاملی مرتبه دوم میزان تأثیر هر یک از مؤلفه‌‌های ذکرشده بر حضورپذیری سنجیده شد. مفصل‌‌بندی معماری با بار عاملی 0.848 مؤثرترین مؤلفه طبقه همکف فعال در دانشکده هنرهای زیبا بر حضورپذیری شناخته شد. مؤلفه‌‌های مکث و محصوریت به ترتیب با بارهای عاملی 0.526 و 0.357 در رده‌‌های بعدی تأثیرگذاری بر حضورپذیری قرار گرفتند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Assessing the Impact of Active Ground Floor Components on the Perceived Presence of the Surrounding Environment in Academic Buildings at the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran

نویسندگان English

Shokoofeh Mousavikia 1
Amirsam Sa’adati 2
Elham Parvizi 3
1 M.A. in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. in Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده English

Users’ tendency to be present in and make greater use of a space is one of the indicators of spatial success. The physical characteristics of a space play a determining role in this regard, and this study focuses on assessing the components of an active ground floor. The concept of an active ground floor emphasizes the importance of design approaches at human eye level. It is considered significant in terms of its ability to influence passersby and pedestrians. In this concept, the design of the ground floor façade and its surrounding environment are considered jointly. Given that previous studies on active ground floors have primarily focused on urban contexts, the current study aims to examine academic environments and assess the impact of active ground floor components on the perceived presence of the surroundings of academic buildings. Accordingly, the components of an active ground floor—including: enclosure, functional diversity, pause, and architectural detailing—were examined in the Faculty of Fine Arts, which is considered one of the most presence-oriented university spaces. Initially, through observation, the areas with the highest degree of presence were identified for assessing the components of the active ground floor. Then, the validity and reliability of the developed model—based on theoretical foundations and an investigation of the Faculty of Fine Arts—were tested through first-order factor analysis and a questionnaire distributed among the faculty’s students. The data collected from the questionnaire confirmed the model’s validity and reliability. Subsequently, second-order factor analysis was conducted to determine the influence of each of the aforementioned components on presence. Architectural detailing, with a factor loading of 0.848, was identified as the most influential active ground floor component on presence at the Faculty of Fine Arts. The components of pause and enclosure followed, with factor loadings of 0.526 and 0.357, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Active ground floor
Presence
Faculty of Fine Arts Campus
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دوره 18، شماره 50
بهار 1404
صفحه 113-127

  • تاریخ دریافت 26 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 23 دی 1403