نقشِ در هم‌ آمیختگی مفاهیم و انگاره‌های حیاط و باغ در شکل‌گیری بعضی آثار مهم معماری معاصر ایران

سلطان‌زاده, حسین; سلطان‌زاده, احسان

doi:10.22034/aaud.2025.464285.2896

نقشِ در هم‌ آمیختگی مفاهیم و انگاره‌های حیاط و باغ در شکل‌گیری بعضی آثار مهم معماری معاصر ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حسین سلطان‌زاده ¹

احسان سلطان‌زاده ²

¹ استاد، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، پردیس بین‌المللی فارابی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2025.464285.2896

چکیده

طراحی فضاهای معماری بر پایه فرآیند‌های کمابیش شناخته‌شده‌ای صورت می‌گیرد که از آن میان گاه بر پایه الگوها، عناصر و ایده‌های صوری و گاه بر پایه بعضی مفاهیم و انگاره‌های مربوط به آن‌ها می‌تواند صورت پذیرد. به نظر می‌رسد که بر پایه نوعی سنت‌گرایی غربی که رنه گنون پایه‌گذار آن و تیتوس بورکهارت یکی از افراد شاخص آن بود، مفهوم حیاط و باغ در هم‌آمیخته و این پدیده بر روی بعضی از معماران معاصر و آثار آنان تأثیر داشته است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی چگونگی نقش مفاهیم و تعاریف صورت‌گرفته از حیاط و باغ در معماری تاریخی ایران و تأثیر آن بر معماری معاصر است. پرسش تحقیق این است که چگونگی ادراک و فهم مفاهیم معماری تاریخی ایران در طراحی بعضی از بناهای معاصر نقش داشته است؟ از روش تحقیق تفسیری- تاریخی در این پژوهش استفاده شده است. بعضی از انگاره‌های مربوط به معماری ایرانی متغیر مستقل و برخی از طرح‌ها و ساختمان‌های معاصر، متغیر وابسته این پژوهش هستند. جامعه آماری تحقیق، مربوط به چند اثر معماری از نادر اردلان و کامران دیبا می‌باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که تعریف باغ و حیاط در نوشته‌های این دو معمار درهم آمیخته شده و این آمیختگی در طراحی معماری بعضی از آثار آنان مانند ساختمان مرکز مدیریت اثر اردلان و در طرح دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه اصفهان اثر کامران دیبا تأثیر داشته است، به این ترتیب که در طراحی ساختمان مرکز مدیریت ترکیبی از حیاط یک مدرسه با تصوری از یک باغ با تنها یک کوشک، ایده طراحی را شکل داده، در حالی که فضاهای آموزشی معاصر با شیوه‌های جدید تدریس را نمی‌توان در کالبدی متعلق به نوعی متفاوت از تدریس متعلق به گذشته جای داد و احتمالا یکی از علل تغییرات در کارکرد و فضای مدرسه (دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)) همین است. در طرح دانشکده علوم انسانی اثر کامران دیبا نیز شماری حیاط مرکزی وجود دارد که با الگوهای معمول طراحی دانشگاهی در ایران و جهان متفاوت است که آن را می‌توان ناشی از اهمیت دادن به حیاط مرکزی به عنوان یک عنصر مهم هویت‌بخشی به معماری معاصر دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باغ

حیاط

حیاط مرکزی

معماری معاصر ایران

نادر اردلان

کامران دیبا

عنوان مقاله English

Role of the Blending Concepts and Ideas of Courtyard and Garden in the Formation of Certain Important Works of Contemporary Iranian Architecture

نویسندگان English

Hossein Soltanzadeh ¹

Ehsan Soltanzadeh ²

¹ Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).

² M.A. Student of Architecture, Farabi International Campus, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده English

Architectural spaces are designed based on more or less recognized processes, which may sometimes rely on patterns, elements, and formal ideas, and at other times on specific concepts and notions associated with them. It appears that, based on a form of Western traditionalism—founded by René Guénon and prominently represented by Titus Burckhardt—the concepts of the courtyard and the garden became intertwined, a phenomenon that has influenced some contemporary architects and their works. This research aims to examine how the concepts and definitions of the courtyard and garden in historical Iranian architecture have influenced contemporary architecture. The research question is: How has the perception and understanding of historical Iranian architectural concepts played a role in the design of certain contemporary buildings? This study employs an interpretive-historical research method. Some of the notions related to Iranian architecture serve as independent variables, while specific contemporary designs and buildings are considered dependent variables. The statistical population of the study includes several architectural works by Nader Ardalan and Kamran Diba. The findings indicate that the definitions of the garden and courtyard in the writings of these two architects are intertwined. This interconnection has influenced the design of some of their works, such as the Management Center building by Ardalan and the Humanities Faculty at the University of Isfahan by Kamran Diba. For instance, in the design of the Management Center building, a combination of a school courtyard with the conception of a garden featuring a single pavilion shaped the design idea. In contrast, contemporary educational spaces with modern teaching methods cannot be accommodated within a spatial structure belonging to a pedagogical model of the past. This is likely one of the reasons for functional and spatial changes in the school (Imam Sadegh University). Similarly, in Kamran Diba’s design of the Humanities Faculty, multiple central courtyards differ from the conventional university design patterns in Iran and worldwide. This can be interpreted as an emphasis on the central courtyard as a key identity-forming element in contemporary architecture.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Garden

Courtyard

Central Courtyard

Contemporary Iranian Architecture

Nader Ardalan

Kamran Diba

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