معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

سرشت مکان در سایه اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری رانتی: میانجیگری فرم مصنوع در حریم حرم رضوی (با تمرکز بر پارادایم انسان‌محور)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری تخصصی گروه معماری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 استاد گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2026.545120.2994
چکیده
اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری رانتی در شهرهای مذهبی مانند مشهد، با بهره‌برداری از جریان‌های زیارتی و منابع انحصاری بدون خلق ارزش تولیدی، ساختارهای شهری و سرشت مکان را دگرگون می‌سازد و هویت مکان‌های زیسته را به کالای سودآور تبدیل می‌کند. چارچوب نظری این پژوهش بر سه رکن بنیادین انسان‌محور شامل: مفهوم سکونت، قدرت- فضا و نظریه تولید فضایی با میانجی‌گری فرم مصنوع استوار است. بررسی جنبه‌های متعدد، نشان می‌دهد نقش فرم مصنوع در رانت‌جویی مکان‌های مذهبی مغفول مانده است. مسئله‌محوری این پژوهش، درک سازوکارهایی است که اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری رانتی از طریق آن‌ها بر سرشت مکان تأثیر می‌گذارد. سؤال اصلی عبارت است از: چگونه اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری رانتی از طریق میانجی‌گری فرم مصنوع، سرشت انسانی مکان‌ها را دگرگون می‌کند؟ روش‌شناسی پژوهش مبتنی بر پارادایم تفسیری- انتقادی با گرایش انسان‌محور است و تلاش دارد با رویکرد کیفی و تکنیک بریکولاژ (سیستم تلفیق)، تحلیل گفتمان و گفتمان انتقادی را تلفیق کند. داده‌ها از بررسی اسناد و مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 12 مشارکت‌کننده گردآوری و از طریق کدگذاری سه‌مرحله‌ای گراندد تئوری و با تکنیک بریکولاژ تلفیق و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های کدگذاری از 12 مصاحبه منجر به 1578 کد شد که در 12 خرده مقوله سازماندهی شدند. نقشه‌برداری شبکه کنشگران 9 کنشگر فعال را شناسایی کرد و مقوله محوری «تخریب سیستماتیک هویت جمعی از طریق شبکه‌سازی رانتی و کنترل اجتماعی» کشف شد و پدید محوری «کالایی‌سازی سرشت مکان» را تولید کرد که در آن نیروهای محرک بر مقاومت‌های محلی با ضریب تعادل 51.‏0 درصد غلبه دارند. این نسبت نشان می‌دهد که نیروهای تخریب، دو برابر قوی‌تر از نیروهای بازسازی عمل می‌کنند. مشارکت نظری این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اقتصاد سرمایه‌داری رانتی از طریق میانجی‌گری فرم مصنوع، سرشت مکان را به سمت کالایی‌سازی و تخریب و تغییر هویت سوق می‌دهد، اما نیروهای مقاومتی سه‌گانه (سیاسی، روایی و تفسیری) پتانسیل بازسازی را حفظ می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Nature of Place under the Shadow of the Rentier Capitalist Economy: The Mediating Role of Artificial Form in the Precinct of the Razavi Shrine (A Human-Centered Perspective)

نویسندگان English

Javad Ramazannejad 1
Mehdi Hamzehnezhad 2
Asghar Mohammad-Moradi 3
1 Ph.D. Graduate of Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Professor of Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

In religious cities such as Mashhad, the rentier capitalist economy transforms urban structures and the nature of place through the exploitation of pilgrimage flows and exclusive resources without generating productive value. This process converts the identities of lived places into market-oriented commodities. The theoretical framework of this study is based on three fundamental human-centered concepts: dwelling, the power–space relationship, and the theory of the production of space, with artificial form considered as the mediating mechanism. A review of previous studies indicates that the role of artificial form in facilitating rent-seeking processes within religious environments has received limited scholarly attention. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which the rentier capitalist economy affects the nature of place. The central research question is: How does the rentier capitalist economy transform the human-centered nature of place through the mediation of artificial form? The research is conducted within an interpretive–critical paradigm with a human-centered orientation and adopts a qualitative methodology that integrates discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis through a bricolage approach. Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews with twelve participants. The collected data were analyzed using the bricolage method in combination with the three-stage coding procedure of grounded theory. The analysis generated 1,578 initial codes, which were organized into twelve subcategories. Actor-network mapping identified nine key actors, and the core category of “Systematic Destruction of Collective Identity through Rent-Seeking Networks and Social Control” emerged from the analysis, leading to the identification of the central phenomenon of “the commodification of the nature of place.” The findings indicate that the forces driving commodification exceed the capacity of local resistance, with a balance coefficient of 0.51, suggesting that destructive forces operate at approximately twice the strength of reconstructive forces. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in demonstrating that the rentier capitalist economy, through the mediating role of artificial form, directs the nature of place toward commodification, degradation, and identity transformation. However, the findings also reveal that three interconnected forms of resistance–political, narrative, and interpretive–retain the potential to reconstruct and revitalize the human dimension of place.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Commodification of Place
Rentier Capitalist Economy
Nature of Place
Artificial Form
Razavi Shrine Precinct
Human-Centered Paradigm
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دوره 19، شماره 54
بهار 1405
صفحه 25-40

  • تاریخ دریافت 13 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 خرداد 1405