معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

گونه‌شناسی خانه‌‌های تاریخی شهر تفت از دوران صفوی تا اوایل پهلوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
10.22034/aaud.2026.552899.3002
چکیده
معماری محلی به‌جای مانده در شهرها و آبادی‌‌های مختلف، بخشی از هویت سرزمینی ویژه هر مکان را شکل می‌‌دهد. علی‌رغم تلاش‌‌های زیادی که در سال‌‌های اخیر در معرفی و تحلیل این دسته از بناها شده، همچنان دانش ما از الگوهای معماری مناطق مختلف، مبانی و مبنای شکل‌‌گیری آن‌‌ها محدود است. این مقاله، با هدف شناخت و تحلیل الگوهای معماری خانه‌‌های بومی در شهر تفت، به عنوان یک آبادی باغ- محله‌‌ای در حاشیه کویر یزد، شکل گرفت. رویکرد روش‌‌شناسی پژوهش، کیفی و از نوع گونه‌‌شناسی است. در این مسیر، بر پایه‌‌‌‌ تعریفی مشخص از گونه و روند گونه‌‌شناسی، بیش از یک‌صد خانه اصیل تاریخی شهر تفت، مستندنگاری و مورد تحلیل گونه‌‌شناسانه واقع شدند. خانه‌‌های تاریخی تفت بر مبنای شِما یا تصویر کلی که توسط اندام‌‌های کالبدی و آرایش فضایی از خود ارائه دادند، در چهار گونه تالاردار، شکم‌‌دریده، صفه‌‌دار و کوشکی بازشناسی و نحوه انتخاب و تنظیم‌‌گری آن‌‌ها توسط معماران در موقعیت‌‌های مختلف تبیین شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد؛ در یک مکان، عوامل متعدد محیطی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و معیشتی به صورت همگن در پیدایش، رشد و تغییر گونه‌‌های معماری محلی و به‌‌کارگیری ‌‌آن‌‌ها در موقعیت‌‌های مختلف نقش داشته‌‌اند. همچنین در برخی مواقع امکان ورود یکباره گونه‌‌های مسافر و ناآشنا با یک محیط نیز بوده است. گونه‌‌های مسافر با قرارگیری در اتمسفر آن مکان و با تجربه ساختی که معماران از گونه‌‌های دیگر داشتند، مورد اصلاح و تغییر در دو سطح "ساده یا مقدماتی" و "ثانویه و پیچیده" واقع می‌‌شدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Typology of Historic Houses in Taft City from the Safavid Era to the Early Pahlavi Era

نویسنده English

Mohsen Dehghani Tafti
Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
چکیده English

Vernacular architecture found in various cities and villages contributes significantly to the unique territorial identity of each location. Despite numerous efforts in recent years to introduce and analyze this category of buildings, our understanding of the architectural patterns specific to different regions, their theoretical foundations, and the origins of their formation remains limited. This study aims to identify the architectural patterns of historic houses in Taft City, a garden neighborhood located on the edge of the Yazd Desert. This research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing a typological framework. To achieve the research objectives, over one hundred historic houses in Taft City were documented and analyzed typologically. The houses were categorized into four types based on their overall scheme or image conveyed by their spatial organization and physical elements: Talardār (hall-based), Shekam Darideh (cruciform), Soffehdār (iwan-based), and Kushki (pavilion-based). The results indicate that various environmental, cultural, social, and livelihood factors have collectively influenced the emergence and development of these vernacular architectural types within different contexts. Additionally, some immigrant architectural styles have made their way into Taft City. These styles were adapted and modified at two levels: “basic and preliminary” and “complex and secondary,” influenced by the local environment and the experiences of architects familiar with constructing other styles.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Typology
Architectural Pattern
Taft City (Yazd)
Historic Houses in Taft
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دوره 19، شماره 54
بهار 1405
صفحه 89-106

  • تاریخ دریافت 24 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 خرداد 1405