استفاده از گسترش عملکرد کیفیت ( QFD ) به منظور انعکاس خواسته ها و تمایلات مردمی در فضاهای شهری، نمونه موردی: بوستان مهدی در شهر قم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار شهرسازی، دانشکده عمران و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران.

2 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرند، مرند، ایران و مدرس دانشگاه علمی کاربردی شهرداری قم، قم، ایران.

چکیده

فضای شهری قسمتی از بافت شهر است که عموم مردم به آن دسترسی فیزیکی و بصری دارند و بستری برای فعالیت های انسانی و برقراری تعاملات اجتماعی است. از آنجایی که متعاملین مستقیم فضاهای شهری مردم می باشند، تاکید بسیاری بر مشارکت مردم در برنامه ریزی، طراحی و توسعه این فضاها وجود دارد. با این وجود تاکنون روش مدونی برای انعکاس خواسته ها و تمایلات مردمی در فضاهای شهری وجود ندارد. این پژوهش به کالیبره نمودن روش گسترش عملکرد کیفیت به منظور جمع آوری و انعکاس خواسته های مردمی در فضاهای شهری می پردازد. به طور کلی گسترش عملکرد کیفیت را می توان روشی ساختار یافته برای ترجمه نیازهای مشتری به الزامات فنی مناسب در هر مرحله از فرآیند طراحی و توسعه دانست. در پژوهش پیش رو، بعد از کالیبره نمودن روش گسترش عملکرد کیفیت، به عنوان نمونه بوستان مهدی واقع در شهر قم مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد و با استفاده از روش گسترش عملکرد کیفیت پس از جمع آوری و اهمیت یابی خواسته ها و تمایلات مردمی و بررسی راهکارهای فنی و مهندسی که بیشترین پاسخ گویی را نسبت به این خواسته ها دارند به ارائه راهکارهایی پرداخته می شود. نتایج نشان می دهد که از میان 12 مورد از خواسته های مردم، موارد بهداشت مربوط به قفس های حیوانات، مسدود نشدن لبه های کنار پارک توسط موتورسیکلت های پارک شده و عدم وجود اسکیت سواران در محیط عبوری داخل پارک از بالاترین اهمیت برخوردار بوده و از میان 16 راهکار ارائه شده، نصب بیلبوردها با محتوای آموزشی، آموزش عمومی از طریق رسانه های جمعی محلی و ایجاد محوطه های خلوت جهت اسکیت در اطراف پارک از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردار هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to Reflect the Wishes and Aspirations of People in Urban Spaces, Case Study: Mahdi Park, in the City of Qom

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohre Davoudpour 1
  • Mehdi Kalhor 2
1 Assistant Professor of Urban Planning, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran.
2 PhD of Urban Planning, Faculty of Urbanism, Islamic Azad University of Marand, Marand, Iran and Lecturer in City of Applied Science University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Urban spaces have always been one of the most important city parts with various functions. Various functions of urban spaces, have introduced these spaces as complex entities. Different operations of urban spaces and effective factors upon them lead to use a systematic approach toward them. Systematic view defines urban spaces as complicated systems, which have many sub systems. They relate various parts and follow the goals which are increasing and suiting the quality of public lives. Considering urban spaces as the critical elements of public life quality, a comprehensive study is needed to identify the relationship between the effective factors of public lives and the quality of urban spaces. Not many studies have attended these relationships and the most inflective factors are not determined, precisely. As it is clear, people use urban spaces. Logically, the adoptions of urban spaces with the public demand have great influence on their role in life quality improving. This matter has been noticed from ancient time. Ancient spaces such as Persian forums are designed exactly based on the demands of their users, which were related to their culture, economy, policy and society. The mutual relationship analysis between public space quality and public demands is so hard. So a systematic method is needed to recognize this relation. As this relation is influenced by many other extra factors, the need of a systematic method which will be flexible to handle various factors and their effects upon each other, is cleared. The mentioned technique not only should consider establishing a connection between space quality and public life wellness, but also should regard the other effective factors upon each side. Public demand discovering is one of the most important concerns of the scientific fields andscientists who are in connection with the social phenomenon. Totally, public demand discovering is one of the public participation chapters to improve public related programs or projects. Various methods are scrutinized to promote public demands discovering. Questionnaires and deep reports are some of the most common techniques. As public demands move in a large variety of different ideas and believes, it seems that the mathematical concepts can play effective role in improving the methods of discovering public demands. On the other hand, all the programs, which are related to meet public requests, have some restrictions. These restrictions are immerged because of limited capacity, time, resource, etc. These limitations state the request of an analytical method to arrange the discovered public demands, their importance and the methods to meet these requests, optimally, when the programming and planning limitations are observed. This paper tries to prepare a method, which discovers public demands, their importance and the responsive methods, which can meet public desires optimally in urban planning and designing. In order to prepare this method, the used techniques in other fields such as industry are regarded and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is chosen to be adopted with urban planning situation. QFD is a technique for discovering customer demands for a product and translating it in different steps of a product creation. As there is a great competition in business, a company which meets more customer requests, will have a bigger market share. The bigger market share means more benefit. QFD is created because of more benefit. This technique must be used in various steps of production; therefore, it consists of various steps to be used in each production level. This method uses matrices to relate public demands with product specifications. QFD is made of various matrices to reflect customer demands in each step of production. This article adopts QFD for urban space planning and designing with two matrices. It Tries to collect and reflect public aspiration in urban spaces. Generally QFD is structured method for translating customer needs to appropriate technical requirement at every stage of product designing and development. Mahdi Park, which is located in Qom, has analyzed using QFD After calibration of this technique. QFD has been used to collect and evaluate public demands and to survey technical solutions, which optimally meet listed demands. Results show that health issues of animal cages, preventing park edge blocking with parked motorcycles and safe skateboarding in park space are the most important public needs among 12 public discovered demands. Based on QFD technique, installation billboards with educational contents, development of public education through local media and creation of quite spaces around the park for skating are optimally the most important solutions to meet listed demands. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • QFD
  • Public Participation
  • Urban Spaces
  • Public Demands
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