Porosity Rendering in High-Performance Architecture: Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation and Porosity Distribution Patterns

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

Natural ventilation is one of the most essential issues in the concept of high-performance architecture. The porosity has a lot to do with wind-phil architecture to meet high efficiency in integrated architectural design and materialization a high-performance building. Natural ventilation performance in porous buildings is influenced by a wide range of interrelated factors including terrace depth, porosity distribution pattern, porosity ratio, continuity or interruption of the voids and, etc. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of porosity distribution pattern on natural ventilation performance in a mid-rise building. One solid block and six porous residential models based on unit, row and combined relocation modules with different terrace depths (TD = 1.2, 1.5 m) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The evaluations are based on grid sensitivity analysis and a validation of wind tunnel measurements. Investigations indicated that introducing the velocity into a solid block would enhance the building natural ventilation performance up to 64 percent compared to the solid case. However, it is demonstrated through simulations that the porosity distribution pattern as an architectural configuration has a significant effect on ventilation efficiency. Unit-Relocation models (U-RL) have approximately 1.64 times the mean airflow of the solid block, 1.1 times of Row-Relocation (R-RL) and 1.22 times of Combined-Relocation models (CO-RL). U-RL models are also able to achieve approximately 1.26 times the maximum air velocity inside the blocks compared to the solid case. This value is about 1.05 times of R-RL cases and 1.1 times of CO-RL cases. The results clearly indicated that porosity distribution pattern is a factor that could be modified by architects to fulfill most of architectural and environmental requirements.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Porosity Rendering in High-Performance Architecture: Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation and Porosity Distribution Patterns

نویسندگان [English]

  • Paria Saadatjoo 1
  • Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad 2
  • Afsaneh Zarkesh 3
1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Natural ventilation is one of the most essential issues in the concept of high-performance architecture. The porosity has a lot to do with wind-phil architecture to meet high efficiency in integrated architectural design and materialization a high-performance building. Natural ventilation performance in porous buildings is influenced by a wide range of interrelated factors including terrace depth, porosity distribution pattern, porosity ratio, continuity or interruption of the voids and, etc. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of porosity distribution pattern on natural ventilation performance in a mid-rise building. One solid block and six porous residential models based on unit, row and combined relocation modules with different terrace depths (TD = 1.2, 1.5 m) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The evaluations are based on grid sensitivity analysis and a validation of wind tunnel measurements. Investigations indicated that introducing the velocity into a solid block would enhance the building natural ventilation performance up to 64 percent compared to the solid case. However, it is demonstrated through simulations that the porosity distribution pattern as an architectural configuration has a significant effect on ventilation efficiency. Unit-Relocation models (U-RL) have approximately 1.64 times the mean airflow of the solid block, 1.1 times of Row-Relocation (R-RL) and 1.22 times of Combined-Relocation models (CO-RL). U-RL models are also able to achieve approximately 1.26 times the maximum air velocity inside the blocks compared to the solid case. This value is about 1.05 times of R-RL cases and 1.1 times of CO-RL cases. The results clearly indicated that porosity distribution pattern is a factor that could be modified by architects to fulfill most of architectural and environmental requirements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural Ventilation
  • High-Performance Architecture
  • Windphil Architecture
  • Porosity
  • Distribution Pattern

مراجع

Allard, F., & Santamouris, M. (1998). Natural Ventilation in Buildings: A Design Handbook. UK: James & James Ltd.
Asfour, O. S. (2010). Prediction of Wind Environment in Different Grouping Patterns of Housing Blocks. Energy and Buildings, 42(11), 2061-2069. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.015
Aynsley, R. ( 2014). Natural Ventilation in Passive Design. Environment Design Guide, 80, 1-16.
Etheridge, D. (2012). Natural Ventilation of Buildings. Theory, Measurement and Design: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Etheridge, D., & Ford, B. (2008). Natural Ventilation of Tall Buildings – Options and Limitations. Paper Presented at the CTBUH 8th World Congress.
Fallahtafti, R., & Mahdavinejad, M. (2015). Optimisation of Building Shape and Orientation for Better Energy Efficient Architecture. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 9(4), 593-618.
Fareaa T.G, O.D.R., Alkaffb, S., & Kotani, H. (2015). CFD Modeling for Natural Ventilation in a Light Well Connected to Outdoor through Horizontal Voids. Energy and Buildings, 86, 502-513.
Franke, J., Hellsten, A., Schlünzen, H., & Carissimo, B. (2007). Best Practice Guideline for the CFD Simulation of Flows in the Urban Environment. University of Hamburg, Germany,: Meteorological Institute.
Givoni, B. (1994). Passive Low Energy Cooling of Buildings. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hariri, M.T.R., Khosravi, S.N., & Saadatjoo, P. (2016). The Impact of High-rise Building Form on Climatic Comfort at the Pedestrian Level. Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 9(17), 61-77.
Heiselberg, P. (2004). Natural Ventilation Design. International Journal of Ventilation, 2(4), 295-312.
Hirano, T., Kato, S., Murakami, S., Ikaga, T., & Shiraishi, Y. (2006). A Study on a Porous Residential Building Model in Hot and Humid Regions: Part 1. The Natural Ventilation Performance and the Cooling Load Reduction Effect of the Building Model. Building and Environment, 41, 21-32.
IRIMO. (2017). IRAN Meteorological Organization.   Retrieved from http://www.irimo.ir/far/index.php, 2016.08.05.
Islam, S. (2013). Impacts of ‘Maximum Allowable Building Footprint’ on Natural Ventilation in Apartment Building Paper presented at the PLEA2013. 29th Conference of Sustainable Architecture for a Renewable Future, Germany.
Ismail, A. M. (1996). Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation In High-Rise Office Buildings With Special Reference to The Hot-Humid Climate of Malaysia. (Ph.D.), University of Wales College of Cardiff.  
Kabrhel, M., Jirsák, M., Bittner, M., & Zachoval, D. (2007). Exterior Climate and Building Ventilation. Proceedings of Clima 2007 WellBeing Indoors.
Kato, S., Song, D., Ooka, R., Uehara, H., & Murakami, S. (2004). Porous-type Residential Model for Hot and Humid Regions of Asia and Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environment. (Doctoral Degree), University of Tokiyo, Japan.  
Khan, N., Su, Y., & Riffat, S.B. (2008). A review on Wind Driven Ventilation Techniques. Energy and Buildings, 40(8), 1586-1604. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.015
Khosravi, S. N., Saadatjoo, P., Mahdavinejad, M., & Amindeldar, S. (2016). The Effect of Roof Details on Natural Ventilation Efficiency in Isolated Single Buildings. Paper Presented at the PLEA2016  - Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Los Angeles, 11-13 July.
Kindangen, J., Krauss, G., & Depecker, P. (1997). Effects of Roof Shapes on Wind-induced Air Motion Inside Buildings. Building and Environment, 32(1), 1-11. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00021-2
Kleiven, T. (2003). Natural Ventilation in Buildings: Architectural Concepts, Consequences and Possibilities. (Ph.D.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Institutt for byggekunst, historie og teknologi.  
Kotsopoulos, S. D. (2007). Design Concepts in Architecture: The Porosity Paradigm. Paper Presented at the the First International Workshop on Semantic Web and Web 2.0 in Architectural, Product and Engineering Design Co-located with ISWC, Korea.
Kubota, T., Chyee, D.T.H., & Ahmad, S. (2009). The Effects of Night Ventilation Technique on Indoor Thermal Environment for Residential Buildings in Hot-humid Climate of Malaysia. Energy and Buildings, 41(8), 829-839. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.03.008
Liping, W., & Hien, W.N. (2007). The Impacts of Ventilation Strategies and Facade on Indoor Thermal Environment for Naturally Ventilated Residential Buildings in Singapore. Building and Environment, 42(12), 4006-4015. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.06.027
Mahdavinejad, M., & Javanroodi, K. (2012). Comparative Evaluation of Airflow in Two kinds of Yazdi and Kermani Wind-Towers. Journal of Fine Art, Tehran University, 3, 69-80.
Mahdavinejad, M., & Javanroodi, K. (2014). Natural Ventilation Performance of Ancient Wind Catchers, an Experimental and Analytical Study, Case Studies: One-Sided, Two-Sided and Four-Sided Wind Catchers. International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy, 10(1), 36-60.
Mahdavinejad, M., Javanroodi, K., & Rafsanjani, L. H. (2013). Investigating Condensation Role in Defects and Moisture Problems in Historic Buildings, Case Study: Varamin Friday Mosque in Iran. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 10(4), 308-324.
Mahdavinejad, M., & Rohani, R. (2014). Proposing a More Efficient Model to Enhance Natural Ventilation in Residential Buildings. Environment and Ecology Research, 2(5), 194-205.
Mirrahimi, S., Mohamed, M. F., Haw, L. C., Ibrahim, N. L. N., Yusoff, W. F. M., & Aflaki, A. (2016). The effect of building envelope on the thermal comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings in hot–humid climate. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53(Supplement C), 1508-1519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.055
Montazeri, H. (2011). Experimental and Numerical Study on Natural Ventilation Performance of Various Multi-opening Wind Catchers. Building and Environment, 46(2), 370-378. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.07.031
Montazeri, H., & Blocken, B. (2013). CFD Simulation of Wind-induced Pressure Coefficients on Buildings with and without Balconies: Validation and Sensitivity Analysis. Building and Environment, 60, 137-149. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.11.012
Montazeri, H., Montazeri, F., Azizian, R., & Mostafavi, S. (2010). Two-sided Wind Catcher Performance Evaluation Using Experimental, Numerical and Analytical Modeling. Renewable Energy, 35(7), 1424-1435. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.12.003
Mora-Pérez, M., Guillén-Guillamón, I., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2015). Computational Analysis of Wind Interactions for Comparing Different Buildings Sites in Terms of Natural Ventilation. Advances in Engineering Software, 88, 73-82. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.06.003
Muhsin, F., Yusoff, W.F.M., Mohamed, M. F., & Sapian, A.R. (2017). CFD Modeling of Natural Ventilation in a Void Connected to the Living Units of Multi-storey Housing for Thermal Comfort. Energy and Buildings, 144(Supplement C), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.035
Murakamia, S., Kato, S., Ookac, R., & Shiraishi, Y. (2004). Design of a Porous-type Residential Building Model with Low Environmental Load in Hot and Humid Asia. Energy and Buildings, 36, 1181–1189.
Ok, V., Yasa E, Ozgunler M. (2008). An Experimental Study of the Effect of Surface Openings on Air Flow Caused by Wind in Courtyard Buildings. Architectural Science Review, 51(3), 263-268.
Osman, M. (2011). Evaluating and Enhancing Design for Natural Ventilation in Walk-up Public Housing Blocks in the Egyptian Desert Climatic Design Region. (Ph.D.), Dundee University.  
Peren, J.I., van Hooff, T., Ramponi, R., Blocken, B., & Leite, B.C.C. (2015). Impact of Roof Geometry of an Isolated Leeward Sawtooth Roof Building on Cross-ventilation: Straight, Concave, Hybrid or Convex? Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 145, 102-114. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.05.014
Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., & Pout, C. (2008). A Review on Buildings Energy Consumption Information. Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 394-398. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.007
Prelgauskas, E. (2003). Enhanced Natural Ventilation in Hot Arid Lands (DES 20). Australia: The Royal Australian Institute of Architects.
Saadatjoo, P., Mahdavinejad, M., Khosravi, S.N., & Kaveh, N. (2016). Effect of Courtyard Proportion on Natural Ventilation Efficiency. International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 3(5), 92-95.
Saadatjoo, P., Mahdavinejad, M., Najaf Khosravi, S., & Kaveh, N. (2016). Effect of Courtyard Proportion on Natural Ventilation Efficiency. Paper Presented at the 30th IASTEM International Conference, Dubai.
Saadatjoo, P., Mahdavinejad, M., & Zhang, G. (2017). A Study on Terraced Apartments and their Natural Ventilation Performance in Hot and Humid Regions. Building Simulation, 10(48).
Saadatjoo, P., Mahdavinejad, M., & Zhang, G. (2018). A Study on Terraced Apartments and their Natural Ventilation Performance in Hot and Humid Regions. Building Simulation, 11(2), 359-372. doi:10.1007/s12273-017-0407-7
Tablada, A., Blocken, B., Carmeliet, J., De Troyer, F., & Herschure, H. (2005). Geometry of Building’s Courtyards to Favour Natural Ventilation :Comparison between Wind Tunnel Experiment and Numerical Simulation. Paper Presented at the 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference, Japan.
Tantasavasdi, C., Srebric, J., & Chen, Q. (2001). Natural ventilation design for houses in Thailand. Energy and Buildings, 33(8), 815-824. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00073-1.
Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A., Yoshie, R., Kataoka, H., Nozu, T., Yoshikawa, M., & Shirasawa, T. (2008). AIJ guidelines for Practical Applications of CFD to Pedestrian wind Environment Around Buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(10–11), 1749-1761. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058.
Zhou, C., Wang, Z., Chen, Q., Jiang, Y., & Pei, J. (2014). Design Optimization and Field Demonstration of Natural Ventilation for High-rise Residential Buildings. Energy and Buildings, 82, 457-465. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.036
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds-averaged_Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations, Accessed on 2016.12.15.
معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
دوره 12، شماره 26
خرداد 1398
صفحه 73-87

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 آذر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 دی 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار