مدل‌یابی تبیینی عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری حس دلبستگی به دانشگاه، مورد مطالعاتی: دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

دلبستگی به مکان یکی از سطوح رابطه فرد با مکان بوده و در محیط دانشگاهی با تأثیر بر رفتار دانشجویان و کنترل الگوهای رفتاری منفی، منجر به بهبود عملکرد رفتاری و علمی آن‌ها می‌‌شود. این درحالی است که عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر این حس به نوع عملکرد مکان بستگی دارد و شناخت این عوامل به‌طور خاص در مورد فضاهای دانشگاهی، علاوه بر کمک به ارتقاء کیفیت طراحی فضاهای آموزشی، مسئولان دانشگاه‌ها را نیز در نیل به یکی از اهداف اساسی خود یعنی ارتقاء سطح علمی دانشگاه یاری می‌رساند. از این‌رو در مقاله پیش‌رو با هدف شناسایی این عوامل در محیط دانشگاه به روش همبستگی، ابتدا دلبستگی به مکان و ابعاد آن با توجه به ادبیات موجود در این زمینه تبیین شد و عوامل مؤثر مفروض در ایجاد آن در سه بعد عملکردی، کالبدی و اجتماعی به‌طور خاص در مورد فضاهای دانشگاهی، به‌‌صورت مدل نظری پژوهش ارائه شد. سپس به‌منظور آزمون مدل، ۳۷۳ دانشجو از دانشکده‌های فنی- ‌مهندسی، هنر‌- معماری و علوم ‌پایه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب به روش خوشه‌ای‌-‌ تصادفی انتخاب شده و پرسشنامه‌هایی محقق‌ساخته در میان آن‌ها توزیع شد. پس از تأیید روایی و پایایی ابزار اندازه‌گیری با شاخص‌های برازش و آلفای کرونباخ، داده‌های گردآوری‌شده به این طریق، توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS به روش تحلیل مسیر بررسی شدند و میزان تأثیرگذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم هر یک از عوامل مفروض بر حس دلبستگی به دانشگاه تعیین شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد از میان عوامل محیطی مصنوع دانشگاه، متناسب بودن ابعاد فضاها با عملکرد و تعداد کاربران آن، بیشترین تأثیر را بر حس دلبستگی دانشجو به دانشگاه دارد. هم چنین توجه به رنگ به کار رفته در فضاها و شرایط آسایش حرارتی در ساختمان به واسطه تأثیر بر عملکرد کادر اداری و تعاملات دانشجویان با یکدیگر، به طور غیرمستقیم منجر به بهبود کیفیت رابطه دانشجو با محیط دانشگاه می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explanatory Modeling of the Environmental Factors Influencing the Formation of Sense of Attachment to University; Case Study: Students of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Karimifard 1
  • Fatemeh Tabatabaei Malazi 2
1 Assiatant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 M.A. of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Place attachment is one of the levels of the individuals’ relationship with the place and it leads to the improvement in the behavioral and scientific performance of the university students by influencing their behavior and controlling their negative behavioral patterns in an academic environment. This is while the environmental factors influencing this sense depend on the type of a place’s performance and the recognition of these factors, especially in academic spaces, in addition to the contribution to the enhancement of the designing quality of the academic spaces, assists the universities’ officials, as well, in accomplishing one of their essential goals, i.e. the elevation of the university’s academic level. Thus, the place attachment and its aspects were explained to identify these factors in the university environment using the correlation method based on the existing literature in this area and the assumed effective factors in the creation of place attachment in three aspects of functional, physical and social particularly in university spaces were studied within the format of the theoretical model. Then, to test the model, 373 university students were selected from the technical-engineering, art and architecture and basic sciences departments of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, based on random-clustering method following which the researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among them. After verifying the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument using the fit estimation indices and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the gathered data were subjected to path analysis using SPSS Software and the direct and indirect effect of each of the assumed factors on the sense of attachment to university was determined. The results of this study indicated that, amongst the factors influencing the artificial environment of the university, “the proper proportion of the spaces’ dimension with the performance” as well as “the number of their users” have the highest effect on the university students’ sense of attachment to the university. Moreover, paying attention to the color used in the spaces and the thermal comfort conditions in the building indirectly lead to the improvement of the quality of the university students’ relationship with the academic environment via influencing the performance of the administrative staff and the university-students’ interactions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Islamic Azad University
  • Place Attachment
  • Path Analysis
Abdullah, A.H., Wasiuzzaman, S., & Musa, R. (2014). The Effects of University Quality on Emotional Attachment: A Case from a Private Higher Education Institution. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 282-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.033
Abedini, S., Davachi, A., Sahbaee, F., Mahmoodi, M., & Safa, O. (2007). Prevalence of Depression in Nursing Students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Hormozgan Medical Journal, 11(2), 139–145. https://www.magiran.com/paper/533038
Alitajer, S., & Zareihajiabadi, F. (2016). The Effect of Built Environment on Students` Interactions in Informal Spaces of Architecture Schools, Two Case Studies in Iran. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI (Journal of Fine Arts), 21(1), 79-90. DOI: 10.22059/jfaup.2016.59691
Altman, I., & Low, S.M. (1992). Place Attachment: A Conceptual Inquiry. New York: Plenum Press (Human Behavior and Environment), 12, 1-12. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
Beck, M., & Malley, J. (1998). A Pedagogy of Belongingness. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 7(3), 133-137. https://www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0303-belonging.html
Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. NY: Wiley. http://www.nyu.edu/classes/shrout/G89-2247/BollenCategory.pdf
Bonaiuto, M., Carrus, G., Martorella, H., & Bonnes, M. (2002). Local Identity Processes and Environmental Attitudes in Land Use Changes: The Case of Natural Protected Areas. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(5), 631–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00121-6
Bonnes, M., & Secchiaroli, G. (1995). Environmental Psychology: A Psycho-Social Introduction. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. https://sk.sagepub.com/books/environmental-psychology
Bricker, K.S., & Kerstetter, D.L. (2010). Level of Specialization and Place Attachment: An Exploratory Study of Whitewater Recreationists. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22(4), 233-257. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262873525_Level_of_Specialization_and_Place_Attachment_An_Exploratory_Study_of_Whitewater_Recreationists
Brower, S. (1988). Design in Familiar Places What Makes Home Environments Look Good. New York: Praeger.https://www.amazon.com/Design-Familiar-Places-Makes-Environments/dp/0275926869
Brown, B., Perkins, D.D., & Brown, G. (2003). Place Attachment in a Revitalizing Neighborhood: Individual and Block Levels of Analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3) 259–271. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494402001172#
Cohen, Y.S., & Shinar, A. (1985). Neighborhoods and Friendship Networks: A Study of Three Residential Neighborhoods in Jerusalem. Chicago: the University of Chicago, Committee on Geographical Studies. https://www.amazon.com/Neighborhoods-Friendship-Networks-Residential-University/dp/0890651205
Dadkhah, B., Mohammadi, M.A., Mozaffari, N., Mahmudnejad, S., & Dadkhah, D. (2011). The Prevalence of Depression in Students of the Ardebil University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Health and Care (Journal of School of Nursing and Midwifery), 1, 28-32. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1027248
Daneshpour, S.A, Sepehri Moqaddam, M., & Charkhchian, M. (2009). Explanation to Place Attachment and Investigation of its Effective Factors. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA MEMARI-VA-SHAHRSAZI (Journal of Fine Arts), 38, 37-48. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_22248_en.html
Ezadi, S., Salehi, E., & Gharebaghi, M.M. (2009). Examination of Students’ Degree of Satisfaction Regarding the Criterion of Customer Results in the EFQM Model (A Case Study: Students of Mazandaran University). Iranian Higher Education, 1(3), 19-54. https://www.magiran.com/paper/729029/?lang=en
Eisenhauer, B.W., Krannich, R.S., & Blahna, D.J. (2000). Attachments to Special Places on Public Lands: An Analysis of Activities, Reason for Attachments, and Community Connections. Society & Natural Resources: An International Journal, 13(5), 421-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/089419200403848
Fried, M., & Gleicher, P. (1961). Some Sources of Residential Satisfaction in an Urban Slum. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 27(4), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366108978363
Gehl, J. (1986). “Soft Edges” in Residential Streets. Scandinavian Housing & Planning Research, 3(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/02815738608730092
Ghalavandi, H., Beheshtirad, R., & Ghaleei, A. (2013). Investigating the Quality of Educational Services in the University of Urmia through SERVQUAL Model. Journal of Management and Development Process, 25(3), 49-66. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1174031/?lang=en
Ghaneirad, M.A., & Ebrahim Abadi, H. (2010). The Impact of Social Structure of Education on Students’ Performance. Iranian Higher Education, 4(8), 1-27. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=196292
Ghasemi, V. (1389). Structural Equation Modeling in Social Studies Using Amos Graphics, Tehran: sociologists. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1899609
Giuliani, M.V. (2003). Theory of Attachment and Place Attachment. In M. Bonnes, T. Lee, & M. Bonaiuto (Eds.), Psychological Theories for Environmental Issues. Aldershot: Ashgate, 137-170. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228091197_Theory_of_Attachment_and_Place_Attachment_In_M_Bonnes_T_Lee_and_M_Bonaiuto_Eds_Psychological_theories_for_environmental_issues
Green, R. (1999). Meaning and Form in Community Perception of Town Character. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19(4), 311-329. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494499901433
Hernandez, B., Hidalgo, M.C., Salazar-Laplace, M.E., & Hess, S. (2007). Place Attachment and Place Identity in Natives and Non-Natives. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(4), 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.06.003
Hidalgo, M.C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place Attachment: Conceptual and Empirical Questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0221
Hoyle, R.H., & Panter, A.T. (1995). Writing about Structural Equation Models. In R. H. Hoyle, Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232518668
Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Jacob, G.R., & Schreyer, R. (1980). Conflict in Outdoor Recreation: A Theoretical Perspective. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(4), 368-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969462
Keller, S.I. (1968). The Urban Neighborhood: A Sociological Perspective. New York: Random House. https://www.amazon.com/Urban-Neighborhood-Sociological-Perspective/dp/0394307739
Kenz, I. (2005). Attachment and Identity as Related to a Place and Its Perceived Climate. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(2), 207-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.003
Kyle, G., Graefe, A.R., & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the Dimensionality of Place Attachment in Recreational Settings. Environment and Behavior, 37(2), 153-177. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249624372
Li, M.Y. (2012). Place Attachment in University Students: Social Antecedents and Academic Motivations. Master’s Thesis, University of Pittsburgh. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/6179
Light, R. (2001). Making the Most of College: Students Speak Their Minds. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674004788
Manzo, L.C. (2003). Beyond Home and Haven: Toward a Revisioning of Emotional Relationship with Places. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), 47-61. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494402000749
Marcus, C., & Sarkissian, W. (1988). Housing as if People Mattered: Site Design Guidelines for the Planning of Medium-Density Family Housing. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520063303/housing-as-if-people-mattered
McCoy, J.M. (2005). Linking the Physical Work Environment to Creative Context. Creative Behavior, 39(3), 169–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2005.tb01257.x
Mesch, G.S., & Manor, O. (1998). Social Ties, Environmental Perception, and Local Attachment. Environment and Behavior, 30(4), 504-519. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391659803000405
Mosleh, A.M., Ghasemieh, R., & Shafiee, F. (2014). A Survey on the Effect of Social Interaction on the Performance of University Faculty Members, Emphasizing the Mediating Role of Knowledge Management. Iranian Higher Education, 6 (1), 135-156. https://www.magiran.com/searchinpapers/?dt=3&q=A%20Survey%20on%20the%20Effect%20of%20Social%20Interaction%20on%20the%20Performance%20of%20University%20Faculty%20Members,%20Emphasizing%20the%20Mediating%20Role%20of%20Knowledge%20Management
Nozari, Sh. (2005). Design Guidelines for Residential Open Space. Soffeh, 14(39), 45-66. https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=43902
Oswald, F., & Wahl, H.W. (2001). Housing in Old Age: Conceptual Remarks and Empirical Data on Place Attachment. IAPS. Bulletin of People-Environment studies, 7-11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313485838_Housing_in_old_age_Conceptual_remarks_and_empirical_data_on_place_attachment
Peters, K., Elands, B., & Buijs, A. (2010). Social Interactions in Urban Parks: Stimulating Social Cohesion? Urban forestry & urban greening, 9(2), 93-100. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866709000855
Pretty, G.H., Chipuer, H.M., & Bramston, P. (2003). Sense of Place Amongst Adolescents and Adults in Two Rural Australian Towns: The Discriminating Features of Place Attachment, Sense of Community and Place Dependence in Relation to Place Identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 273-287. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494402000798
Proshansky, H.M. (1978). The City and Self-Identity. Environment and Behavior, 10(2), 147-169. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013916578102002
Ramkissoon, H., Weiler, B., & Smith, L.D.G. (2012). Place Attachment and Pro-Environmental Behaviour in National Parks: The Development of a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(2), 257-276.https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.602194
Razavian, M.T., Shamspouya, M., & Molatabarlahi, A. (2014). The Quality of Phyisical Environment and Sense of Place Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University Students. Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 4(10), 87-96. https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=356085
Riley, R.B. (1992). Attachment to the Ordinary Landscape. In Altman, & S. M. Low, Place Attachment. Part of the Human Behavior and Environment Book Series, HUBE(12), 13-35. New York: Plenum Press. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_2
Rohe, W.M., & Stegman, M.A. (1994). The Impact of Home Ownership on the Social and Political Involvement of Low-Income People. Urban Affairs Review, 30(1), 152-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208169403000108
Sailer, K., & McCulloh, I. (2012). Social Networks and Spatial Configuration-How Office Layouts Drive Social Interaction. Social Networks, 34(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.005
Sattari, S., Namvar, Y., & Rastgoo, A. (2014). Evaluation of Educational Service Quality in Postgraduate Programs at Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, on the Basis of Servqual Model. Journal of New Approach in Educational Administration, 5(3), 177 - 195. https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=431430
Schumacker, R.E., & Lomax, R.G. (1996). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-98361-000
Shahcheraghi, A., & Bandarabad, A. (2015). Environed in Environment. Tehran: Iranian Academic Center in Tehran.
Stedman, R.C. (2003). Sense of Place and Forest Science: Toward a Program of Quantitative Research. Forest Science, 49(6), 822-829. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5219/aff0fc1df0a3be0206e41692774a669386c4.pdf
Tuan, Y.F. (1978). Space and Place: The Perspectives of Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Space-and-Place%3A-The-Perspective-of-Experience-Tuan/43f8eab260c12f85ad51e23019947d90ed01f236
Vischer, J.C. (2008), Towards an Environmental Psychology of Workspace: How People are affected by Environments for Work. Architectural Science Review, 51(2), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.3763/asre.2008.5114
Wang, N., & Boubekri, M. (2009). Behavioral Responses to Daylit Space: a Pilot Study. Journal of the Human- Environment System, 12(1), 15-25. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250057103_Behavioral_Responses_to_Daylit_Space_A_Pilot_Study
Williams, D.R., Patterson, M.E., Roggenbuck, J.W., & Watson, A. E., (1992). Beyond the Commodity Metaphor: Examining Emotional and Symbolic Attachment to Place. Leisure Sciences, 29-46. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235356897_Beyond_the_Commodity_Metaphor_Examining_Emotional_and_Symbolic_Attachment_to_Place
Williams, D.R., & Vaske, J.J. (2003). The Measurement of Place Attachment: Validity and Generalizability of a Psychometric Approach. Forest Science, 49(6), 830–840. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233712735_The_Measurement_of_Place_Attachment_Validity_and_Generalizability_of_a_Psychometric_Approach
Wynveen, C.J., Kyle, G.T., & Sutton, S.G. (2012). Natural Area Visitors’ Place Meaning and Place Attachment Ascribed to a Marine Setting. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(4), 287–296. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262142012_Natural_area_visitors’_place_meaning_and_place_attachment_ascribed_to_a_marine_setting
Yazdani, S., & Teimouri, S. (2013). The Effect of Open Spaces of Residential Complexes on the Social Interactions of Residents, (Case Study: Three Residential Complexes in Isfahan), HOVIATESHAHR, 7(15), 83-92. http://hoviatshahr.srbiau.ac.ir/article_2347_01161b6e5f4c39e77dcaf09c886f4d6e.pdf
Zivyar, F., Ziaee, M.S., & Nargesian, J. (2012). Examine the Effective Factors on Customer Satisfaction Using Servqual Model. New Marketing Research Journal, 2(3), 186 -173. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1098179?lang=en