تحلیل موضوعی و ترسیم نقشه‌ی دانش پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی محیط

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).

3 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/aaud.2023.230012.2198

چکیده

روان‌شناسی محیطی در دهه‌‌های اخیر به عنوان دانش پایه‌‌ی مطالعات انسان و محیط در بسیاری از حوزه‌‌های میان‌‌رشته‌‌ای از جمله معماری و شهرسازی پذیرفته شده است. در این مقاله تلاش شده تا تصویری کلی از دانش روان‌شناسی محیطی و سیر تحول پژوهش‌‌های انجام‌شده در این حوزه و موضوعات و رویکردهای پژوهشی پرکاربرد ارائه شود. برای نزدیکی به این هدف، دو مسیر کلی دنبال شده است. در مسیر نخست، مقالات منتشرشده در پایگاه اسکوپوس در بین سال‌‌های 1972 تا 2022 که با کلید واژه‌‌ی «روان‌شناسی محیط» محدود شدند، با روش تحلیل‌ کتابشناختی و در مسیر دوم 40 مقاله با بیش‌ترین استناد از میان موارد فوق با تمرکز بیش‌تر و به روش تحلیل محتوا مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بررسی‌ها با پرسش از افراد و منابع کلیدی، حوزه‌های کلان پژوهشی و وضعیت اهمیت و اولویت موضوعات، رویکردها و مصادیق پژوهشی در دانش روان‌شناسی محیط انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌‌دهند پژوهش‌‌های روان‌شناسی محیط در چهار خوشه‌ی موضوعی اصلی شامل «پایداری»، «مکان»، «سلامت روان» و «رفتار مصرفی» جای می‌‌گیرند. رویکرد‌های رفتاری و شناختی مهم‌‌ترین و پرکاربردترین رویکرد‌های روان‌شناسی در تحلیل رابطه‌ی انسان و محیط بوده ‌است. مطالعات اغلب در فضاهای شهری انجام شده‌ است و کاربری‌‌های تجاری، مسکونی، آموزشی و محیط‌‌های کاری در مراتب بعد قرار دارند، این مطالعات از مقیاس‌های کلان هم‌چون برنامه‌‌ریزی تا مقیاس‌‌های خرد هم‌چون طراحی داخلی و جزئیات را شامل می‌شوند. شمار قابل توجهی از پژوهش‌ها بر ادراک و ارزیابی انسان از کیفیت‌های محیط و نتایج آن هم‌چون رضایتمندی و ترجیح مکانی تمرکز داشته‌اند. موضوع سلامت نیز در دهه‌های اخیر در میان اولویت‌های تحقیقاتی این رشته قرار گرفته و هم‌چنان مسئله‌ی رو به رشدی تلقی می‌شود. در این میان موضوع تعلق به مکان با رشدی پیوسته در تمام بازه‌های زمانی مورد مطالعه به عنوان یکی از کانون‌های توجه پژوهشگران مطرح بوده ‌است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Thematic Analysis and the Knowledge Map of Environmental Psychology Studies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fateme Zarei Hajiabadi 1
  • Mahdi Hamzenejad 2
  • Gholamhossein Memarian 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, environmental psychology has been accepted as the basic knowledge of human-environment studies in many interdisciplinary fields, including architecture and urban planning. The present study aims to generally introduce environmental psychology and show how the studies in this field have been developed and what the most popular research topics and approaches are in this field. To this end, the present research follows two main paths. The first path includes the bibliometric analysis of the articles indexed in the Scopus database between 1972 and 2022, which included the keyword "environmental psychology", and the second path includes the content analysis of 40 most cited articles (out of the abovementioned articles). The analyses were carried out by asking key people and sources and investigating major research areas, the importance, and priority of topics, research approaches, and research examples. The results indicate that environmental psychology research can be classified into four main subject clusters including "sustainability", "place", "mental health", and "consumer behavior". Moreover, behavioral and cognitive approaches were identified as the most important and widely used psychological approaches in analyzing human-environment relations. Most studies have been conducted in urban spaces, followed by commercial, residential, educational, and work environments, respectively. These studies have been carried out on various scales, from macro scales such as planning to micro scales such as interior design. A significant number of studies have focused on human perception and evaluation of environmental qualities and their results such as satisfaction and place preference. The health area has been raised in this field in recent decades and is still considered a growing area. The issue of place attachment has been raised as one of the issues receiving researchers' attention, with continuous growth throughout the studied period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Bibliometric Analysis
  • Research Priorities
  • Human-Environmental Issues
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