معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

بازشناسی «سازمان فضایی پلان» و «فنون ساخت» در کالبد ابنیه‌‌ی تاریخی شهر حوضدار سیستان به استناد منابع تاریخی و مطالعات باستان‌‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ‌‌ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
4 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌‌ارشد مطالعات معماری ایران، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2023.371289.2735
چکیده
شهر حوضدار که در بخش شمالی سیستان واقع شده، دارای بناهای متعدد تاریخی است که متأسفانه به‌دلیل قرارگرفتن در مسیر رودخانه، دچار آسیب فراوان شده و بخش اعظم آن از بین رفته است. تنها در تعداد اندکی از بناهای مهم باقی‌مانده از این شهر، اقدامات حفاظتی در جهت جلوگیری از تخریب بیش‌تر، صورت گرفته است. بنابراین حفظ و احیاء این آثار که لازمه‌‌ی آن مطالعه، بررسی و شناخت کامل آن‌‌ها است، امری ضروری و درخور توجه است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بازشناسی و بررسی ویژگی‌‌های کالبدی معماری در بناهای تاریخی شهر حوضدار در راستای مستندسازی آثار و حفظ و احیاء بناهای تاریخی این محدوده است. بدین‌ترتیب نگارندگان با استفاده از روش توصیفی‌‌- تحلیلی و در بخشی از تحقیق با به‌کارگیری روش تاریخی‌‌- ‌‌تفسیری، تحقیق را صورت دادند. بخش ادبیات تحقیق با بررسی اسناد و تصاویر معتبر و بخش میدانی آن با مشاهده‌‌ی مستقیم از بناها و همچنین مصاحبه، انجام شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در بخش «سازمان‌‌دهی فضایی پلان» شاخص‌‌ترین الگوهای به‌کار گرفته شده، پیروی از نظم هندسی، انتظام فضایی باز، بسته و نیمه‌‌باز، قرینگی، به‌کارگیری ایوان، وجود سلسله‌‌مراتب دسترسی و ایجاد تداوم بصری هستند. در بخش «فنون ساخت در کالبد بناها» می‌‌توان به به‌کارگیری خشت و گل در ساخت، ترکیب سقف گنبدی با حجم خالص بنا، ارتفاع زیاد در هر طبقه از بناها و کاربرد فراوان فیلپوش، اشاره نمود. در خصوص وجوه تمایز بناهای شهر حوضدار با سایر شهرهای صفوی نیز، این‌گونه می‌‌توان استنباط نمود که «سازمان‌‌دهی فضایی پلان» به سبک معماری صفوی در سایر شهرها بوده اما «فنون ساخت» بیش‌تر از الگوهای ساسانی در این منطقه و الگوهای بومی در روستاهای اطراف، برگرفته شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Recognizing “Plan Scape Organization” and “Construction Techniques” in the Body of Historical Buildings of Hozdar City in Sistan based on the Historical Sources and Archeological Studies

نویسندگان English

Abolfazl Heidari 1
Jamshid Davtalab 2
Neda Naseri 3
Maryam Fathi 4
1 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran (Corresponding Author).
3 MSc Student in Iranian Architectural Studies, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
4 MSc Student in Iranian Architectural Studies, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
چکیده English

Hozdar City located in the northern area of Sistan has many historical buildings, most of which have been damaged unfortunately due to being located on the river path. Protective measures have been taken only in a few remained buildings to prevent more destruction; therefore, preservation and revival of these monuments requires studying, investigating, and knowing them completely, which is a necessary issue. This study aims to recognize and examine the physical features of architecture in historical buildings of Hozdar City to document the works and revive the historical buildings located in this area. For this purpose, this study was done by using the descriptive-analytical method and historical-interpretive technique in another part of the research. The research literature section is done by reviewing authenticated documents and images and a field study or survey is done through direct observation of buildings, as well as interviews. The results indicated the following variables as the most outstanding patterns used in “plan space organization”: observing geometric order, open, closed, and semi-open spatial arrangement, symmetry, deployment of the porch, presence of access hierarchy, and creation of visual continuity. Under the “construction technique in the body of buildings,” clay and mud used in construction, combined doomed roofs with the pure volume of the building, high height on each floor of buildings, and frequent use of squinch can be mentioned. In terms of the distinction between buildings in Hozdar City and other Safavid cities, it is found the “plan space organization” is similar to Safavid architectural style in other cities, but “construction techniques” have been influenced by the Sassanid patterns in this area and other vernacular designs in surrounding villages.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sistan
Hozdar City
Machi Castle
Rostam Castle
Asbad
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دوره 16، شماره 45
زمستان 1402
صفحه 177-199

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 31 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 مهر 1402