معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر

عوامل موثر در ارتقاء خلاقیت کودکان 3-6 سال در فضاهای باز آموزشی شهر تهران بر اساس مدل منشوری خلاقیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 مربی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
4 دانشیار گروه علوم‌تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/aaud.2023.370496.2734
چکیده
کودکان حدود 25 درصد از زمان خود در محیط آموزشی را در فضای باز سپری می‌کنند. این فضا می‌تواند پاسخگوی نیازهای مختلف روحی و جسمانی، هنری و آموزشی (افزایش یادگیری و رشد خلاقیت) باشد و از این جهت جایگاه بسیار مهمی ‌در طراحی فضاهای آموزشی دارد. اما متاسفانه بی توجهی به منظرسازی فضای باز آموزشی به خصوص برای سن پیش از دبستان محسوس است. این امر لزوم و ضرورت توجه به طراحی اصولی این فضای مهم را در جهت ارتقای خلاقیت کودکان مبرز می‌دارد. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بسترسازی و ارتقاء کیفی فضاهای باز مراکز آموزشی در راستای تقویت نقش این فضاها بر رشد خلاقیت کودکان 3-6 سال است. با مرور ادبیات موضوع، متغیرهای موثر بر خلاقیت شناسایی و دسته‌بندی شدند. با انجام آزمون باز پاسخ (با روش کیفی) نگرش طراحانه معماران و متخصصین علوم‌تربیتی و روان‌شناسی متخصص در زمینه خلاقیت کودکان، در راستای بهینه‌سازی فضاهای باز آموزشی به منظور رشد خلاقیت خردسالان به صورت تشریحی با روش تحلیل محتوا بررسی شد. با اتکا به یافته‌های تست باز پاسخ و مرور ادبیات، پرسش‌نامه‌ی بسته‌پاسخ بین جامعه مربیان مهدکودک و پیش دبستانی شهر تهران توزیع شد. سپس با اجرای تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS16 روی نتایج پرسش‌نامه‌ها شش عامل "مشارکت و تجربه، بهزیستی روانی، تحریک‌کنندگی عناصر طبیعی محیط، تنوع‌پذیری عملکرد، سرزندگی محیط و انگیزش محیطی" معرفی شدند و با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر در AMOS26 یک مدل منشوری برای تحلیل رابطه عوامل تدوین شد. جهت اعتبارسنجی و به‌دلیل اهمیت نظر کودکان در خصوص فضای مورد استفاده آن‌ها، از 60 کودک تست نقاشی همراه با مصاحبه نیمه‌سازمان یافته انجام شد و یافته‌های پژوهش تایید شدند. شایان ذکر است تفصیل عوامل فوق با توجه به سوالاتی که هر یک از عوامل را تشکیل می‌دهند، می‌تواند به فهرست اصول طراحی محوطه باز برای کودکان منتهی و موضوع تحقیقات آتی قرار گیرد. همچنین استفاده از متغیر کنترل جنسیت ممکن است به دسته‌بندی متفاوتی منجر شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Effective Factors in Promoting Creativity among 3-6 Years Old Children in Educational Open Spaces of Tehran based on the Prismatic Creativity Model

نویسندگان English

Reyhaneh Sadat Tabatabai Yeganeh 1
Minoo Shafaei 2
Farhang Mozaffar 3
Bahram Saleh Sadeghpour 4
1 Instructor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 Associate Professor of of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Children spend about 25% of their time in open spaces of educational environments. This space can respond to different spiritual and physical, art, and educational needs (learning and creativity growth), so this is an important factor in the design of educational spaces. Unfortunately, there is considerable inattention to landscaping of educational open spaces, particularly for preschool age. This issue requires paying more attention to the professional design of this important space for promoting children’s creativity. Therefore, this study aims to provide the field for promoting the quality of open spaces in educational centers regarding the role of these spaces in developing creativity among 3-6-year-old children. The variables affecting creativity were identified and classified by reviewing the literature on the topic. The open-ended test (with the qualitative method) was done to examine the design attitude of architects and experts in educational sciences and psychology, experts in the field of children’s creativity to optimize educational open space for promoting the creativity of children based on a descriptive technique and content analysis method. According to the results of the open-ended test and literature review, a close-ended questionnaire was distributed among kindergarten and preschool educators in Tehran City. Six factors were then introduced after implementing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of questionnaires’ results through SPSS16 software: participation and experience, psychological well-being, stimulating natural elements of the environment, function versatility, vitality of environment, and environmental motivation. A prismatic model was then formulated using path analysis through AMOS26 to analyze the relationship between the mentioned factors. In the validation step, a painting test and semi-structured interview were done among 60 children due to the importance of their opinions about the space they use. The findings were confirmed in this phase. It is worth noting that discussion of the factors mentioned above based on the questions designed for them can lead to creating a list of design principles of open areas for children, which can be examined in further studies too. Also, different classifications may be obtained since the control variable of gender is used in this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Creativity
Open Area
Educational Open Spaces
Courtyard
3-6 Years Old Children
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دوره 16، شماره 45
زمستان 1402
صفحه 123-136

  • تاریخ دریافت 25 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 13 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 مهر 1402